Disclosed in the present invention is a preparation method for cannflavin compounds. The preparation method has advantages such as cheap and easily available raw materials, few reaction steps, short production period, and easy operation. The method comprises: first, condensing 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyacetophenone and diethyl carbonate (DEC) under an alkaline condition to obtain ethyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoylacetate, next, reacting 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene with geraniol to obtain (E)-2-(3,7-dimethyloct-2,6-dien-1-yl)benzene-1,3,5-triphenol; and finally, condensing ethyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoylacetate and (E)-2-(3,7-dimethyloct-2,6-dien-1-yl)benzene-1,3,5-triphenol at high temperature to produce cannflavin A and/or cannflavin C, and then carrying out separation and purification to obtain pure cannflavin A and cannflavin C.

Device and methods for use in a biosensor comprising a multisite array of test sites, the device and methods being useful for modulating the binding interactions between a (biomolecular) probe or detection agent and an analyte of interest by modulating the pH or ionic gradient near the electrodes in such biosensor. An electrochemically active agent that is suitable for use in biological buffers for changing the pH of the biological buffers. Method for changing the pH of biological buffers using the electrochemically active agents. The methods of modulating the binding interactions provided in a biosensor, analytic methods for more accurately controlling and measuring the pH or ionic gradient near the electrodes in such biosensor, and analytic methods for more accurately measuring an analyte of interest in a biological sample.

Device and methods for use in a biosensor comprising a multisite array of test sites, the device and methods being useful for modulating the binding interactions between a (biomolecular) probe or detection agent and an analyte of interest by modulating the pH or ionic gradient near the electrodes in such biosensor. An electrochemically active agent that is suitable for use in biological buffers for changing the pH of the biological buffers. Method for changing the pH of biological buffers using the electrochemically active agents. The methods of modulating the binding interactions provided in a biosensor, analytic methods for more accurately controlling and measuring the pH or ionic gradient near the electrodes in such biosensor, and analytic methods for more accurately measuring an analyte of interest in a biological sample.

The present disclosure provides sweetener compositions, methods of using these compositions, and foods, beverages, and syrups comprising these compositions. The sweetener composition can comprise a sweetener and a sweetness enhancer. The composition can further comprise at least one supplemental sweetness enhancer and/or a salt.

The present disclosure provides sweetener compositions, methods of using these compositions, and foods, beverages, and syrups comprising these compositions. The sweetener composition can comprise a sweetener and a sweetness enhancer. The composition can further comprise at least one supplemental sweetness enhancer and/or a salt.

A resist underlayer film-forming composition includes a resin; and a crosslinkable compound of Formula (1) or Formula (2):

##STR00001##

wherein the crosslinkable compound of Formula (1) or Formula (2) is a compound obtained by reacting a compound of Formula (3) or Formula (4):

##STR00002##

with an ether compound comprising a hydroxy group or a C.sub.2-10 alcohol.

A resist underlayer film-forming composition includes a resin; and a crosslinkable compound of Formula (1) or Formula (2):

##STR00001##

wherein the crosslinkable compound of Formula (1) or Formula (2) is a compound obtained by reacting a compound of Formula (3) or Formula (4):

##STR00002##

with an ether compound comprising a hydroxy group or a C.sub.2-10 alcohol.

The present invention relates to a bio-based polyol comprising a thiol-epoxy reaction product of an epoxidized nut or seed oil derivative, and a thiol-containing reactant. The bio-based polyol of the present invention can then be combined with a diisocyanate or a polymeric isocyanate to create a polyurethane material.

The present invention relates to a bio-based polyol comprising a thiol-epoxy reaction product of an epoxidized nut or seed oil derivative, and a thiol-containing reactant. The bio-based polyol of the present invention can then be combined with a diisocyanate or a polymeric isocyanate to create a polyurethane material.

A resist underlayer film for use in lithography process which generates less sublimate, has excellent embeddability at the time of applying onto a substrate having a hole pattern, and has high dry etching resistance, wiggling resistance and heat resistance, etc. A resist underlayer film-forming composition including a resin and a crosslinkable compound of Formula (1) or Formula (2): ##STR00001##
in which Q.sup.1 is a single bond or an m1-valent organic group, R.sup.1 and R.sup.4 are each a C.sub.2-10 alkyl group or a C.sub.2-10 alkyl group having a C.sub.1-10 alkoxy group, R.sup.2 and R.sup.5 are each a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R.sup.3 and R.sup.6 are each a C.sub.1-10 alkyl group or a C.sub.6-40 aryl group.