Methanol-to-gasoline conversion may be performed using a heavy gasoline treatment, followed by a separation operation. Methanol may be converted into a first product mixture comprising dimethyl ether (DME) under DME formation conditions. In a methanol-to-gasoline (MTG) reactor, the first product mixture may be converted under MTG conversion conditions to produce a second product mixture comprising light gasoline hydrocarbons and untreated heavy gasoline hydrocarbons. The untreated heavy gasoline hydrocarbons may be separated from the light gasoline hydrocarbons and transferred to a heavy gasoline treatment (HGT) reactor. The untreated heavy gasoline hydrocarbons may be catalytically reacted in the HGT reactor to form a third product mixture. A heavy hydrocarbon fraction may be separated from the third product mixture. The heavy hydrocarbon fraction includes heavy gasoline hydrocarbons having a lower boiling endpoint than does the untreated heavy gasoline hydrocarbons.

Methanol-to-gasoline conversion may be performed using a heavy gasoline treatment, followed by a separation operation. Methanol may be converted into a first product mixture comprising dimethyl ether (DME) under DME formation conditions. In a methanol-to-gasoline (MTG) reactor, the first product mixture may be converted under MTG conversion conditions to produce a second product mixture comprising light gasoline hydrocarbons and untreated heavy gasoline hydrocarbons. The untreated heavy gasoline hydrocarbons may be separated from the light gasoline hydrocarbons and transferred to a heavy gasoline treatment (HGT) reactor. The untreated heavy gasoline hydrocarbons may be catalytically reacted in the HGT reactor to form a third product mixture. A heavy hydrocarbon fraction may be separated from the third product mixture. The heavy hydrocarbon fraction includes heavy gasoline hydrocarbons having a lower boiling endpoint than does the untreated heavy gasoline hydrocarbons.

Methanol-to-gasoline conversion may be performed using a heavy gasoline treatment, followed by a separation operation. Methanol may be converted into a first product mixture comprising dimethyl ether (DME) under DME formation conditions. In a methanol-to-gasoline (MTG) reactor, the first product mixture may be converted under MTG conversion conditions to produce a second product mixture comprising light gasoline hydrocarbons and untreated heavy gasoline hydrocarbons. The untreated heavy gasoline hydrocarbons may be separated from the light gasoline hydrocarbons and transferred to a heavy gasoline treatment (HGT) reactor. The untreated heavy gasoline hydrocarbons may be catalytically reacted in the HGT reactor to form a third product mixture. A heavy hydrocarbon fraction may be separated from the third product mixture. The heavy hydrocarbon fraction includes heavy gasoline hydrocarbons having a lower boiling endpoint than does the untreated heavy gasoline hydrocarbons.

The present invention relates to an integrated process that allows the production of tert-butyl ethers of glycerol, used as a high boiling point solvent (HBPS) in paint formulations (water-based) and cleaning products, or a stream of isooctenes to be used as an octane in the gasoline pool, in a simple way, just directing the flow through the areas necessary for the conversion and separation of the process and using the same equipment, aiming at gains in process yield (maximization of glycerol and isobutene conversions) and minimizing investment and operating costs. In view of this, there is a unit flexibility in producing different high added value products.

The present invention relates to an integrated process that allows the production of tert-butyl ethers of glycerol, used as a high boiling point solvent (HBPS) in paint formulations (water-based) and cleaning products, or a stream of isooctenes to be used as an octane in the gasoline pool, in a simple way, just directing the flow through the areas necessary for the conversion and separation of the process and using the same equipment, aiming at gains in process yield (maximization of glycerol and isobutene conversions) and minimizing investment and operating costs. In view of this, there is a unit flexibility in producing different high added value products.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing a (4Z)-11,11-dialkoxy-4-undecenyltriarylphosphonium halide compound of the following general formula (3-Z): wherein Y represents a halogen atom, Ar represents, independently of each other, an aryl group, and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent, independently of each other, a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may form together a divalent hydrocarbon group, R.sup.1-R.sup.2, having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, the process comprising: subjecting a (7Z)-11-halo-1,1-dialkoxy-7-undecene compound of the following general formula (1-Z): wherein X.sup.1 represents a halogen atom, and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are as defined above to a phosphonium salt formation reaction with a phosphine compound of the following general formula (2): wherein Ar is as defined above to form the (4Z)-11,11-dialkoxy-4-undecenyltriarylphosphonium halide compound (3-Z).

##STR00001##

The present invention also relates to a compound of the following general formula (A): L(CH.sub.2).sub.3CH═CH(CH.sub.2).sub.5CH(OR.sup.1)(OR.sup.2) (A) wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are as defined above.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing a (4Z)-11,11-dialkoxy-4-undecenyltriarylphosphonium halide compound of the following general formula (3-Z): wherein Y represents a halogen atom, Ar represents, independently of each other, an aryl group, and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent, independently of each other, a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may form together a divalent hydrocarbon group, R.sup.1-R.sup.2, having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, the process comprising: subjecting a (7Z)-11-halo-1,1-dialkoxy-7-undecene compound of the following general formula (1-Z): wherein X.sup.1 represents a halogen atom, and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are as defined above to a phosphonium salt formation reaction with a phosphine compound of the following general formula (2): wherein Ar is as defined above to form the (4Z)-11,11-dialkoxy-4-undecenyltriarylphosphonium halide compound (3-Z).

##STR00001##

The present invention also relates to a compound of the following general formula (A): L(CH.sub.2).sub.3CH═CH(CH.sub.2).sub.5CH(OR.sup.1)(OR.sup.2) (A) wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are as defined above.

The present application discloses a polyhydroxy aromatic intermediate, preparation thereof and use thereof in a polycondensate water-reducer with branched side chains. The polycondensate water-reducer with branched side chains has a branched side chain structure which provides a stronger steric hindrance. The synergistic effect of the branched side chains and the rigid skeleton of the aromatic ring greatly improves the water-reducing ability. Especially under a condition of low water/cement ratio, the improvement in water-reducing ability is more obvious. The branched polyether side chain is more conducive to the formation of a thicker water film layer, which has an obvious viscosity reduction effect. The conformation of the branched polyether side chain is less affected by different ionic environments in the pore solution in cement, and thus has a stronger adaptability to various raw materials. The water-reducer is suitable for the preparation of high-strength concrete, self-compacting concrete and concrete with low water-to-binder ratio and high volume of mineral admixtures, especially for the preparation of concrete containing machine-made sand.

The present application discloses a polyhydroxy aromatic intermediate, preparation thereof and use thereof in a polycondensate water-reducer with branched side chains. The polycondensate water-reducer with branched side chains has a branched side chain structure which provides a stronger steric hindrance. The synergistic effect of the branched side chains and the rigid skeleton of the aromatic ring greatly improves the water-reducing ability. Especially under a condition of low water/cement ratio, the improvement in water-reducing ability is more obvious. The branched polyether side chain is more conducive to the formation of a thicker water film layer, which has an obvious viscosity reduction effect. The conformation of the branched polyether side chain is less affected by different ionic environments in the pore solution in cement, and thus has a stronger adaptability to various raw materials. The water-reducer is suitable for the preparation of high-strength concrete, self-compacting concrete and concrete with low water-to-binder ratio and high volume of mineral admixtures, especially for the preparation of concrete containing machine-made sand.

The present disclosure relates to a composition that includes a first oxide having a phosphate, a ratio of Brønsted acid sites to Lewis acid sites between 0.05 and 1.00, and a total acidity between 50 μmol/g and 300 μmol/g, where the phosphate is at least one of a functional group covalently bonded to the first oxide and/or an anion ionically bonded to the first oxide.