The present invention relates to a process for preparing arylpropenes, especially 1-methoxy-4-(1-propenyl)benzene (anethole), by means of thermolysis of the corresponding 1,1-diarylpropanes.

A complex of formula (I) ##STR00001## wherein M is zirconium or hafnium; each X independently is a sigma ligand; L is a divalent bridge selected from —R′.sub.2C—, —R′.sub.2C—CR′.sub.2—, —R′.sub.2Si—, —R′.sub.2Si—SiR′.sub.2—, —R′.sub.2Ge—, wherein each R′ is independently a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-C.sub.20-hydrocarbyl .group optionally containing one or more silicon atoms or heteroatoms of Group 14-16 of the periodic table or fluorine atoms, and optionally two R′ groups taken together can form a ring; R.sup.2 and R.sup.2′ are each independently a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 hydrocarbyl group, —OC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group or —SC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group; R.sup.5 is a —OC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group or —SC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group, said R.sup.5 group being optionally substituted by one or more halo groups; R.sup.5′ is hydrogen or a C.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group; —OC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group or —SC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group; said C.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group being optionally substituted by one or more halo groups; R.sup.6 and R.sup.6′ are each independently a C.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group; —OC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group or —SC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group; each R.sup.1 and R.sup.1′ are independently —CH.sub.2R.sup.x wherein R.sup.x are each independently H, or a C.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group, optionally containing heteroatoms.

A complex of formula (I) ##STR00001## wherein M is zirconium or hafnium; each X independently is a sigma ligand; L is a divalent bridge selected from —R′.sub.2C—, —R′.sub.2C—CR′.sub.2—, —R′.sub.2Si—, —R′.sub.2Si—SiR′.sub.2—, —R′.sub.2Ge—, wherein each R′ is independently a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-C.sub.20-hydrocarbyl .group optionally containing one or more silicon atoms or heteroatoms of Group 14-16 of the periodic table or fluorine atoms, and optionally two R′ groups taken together can form a ring; R.sup.2 and R.sup.2′ are each independently a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 hydrocarbyl group, —OC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group or —SC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group; R.sup.5 is a —OC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group or —SC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group, said R.sup.5 group being optionally substituted by one or more halo groups; R.sup.5′ is hydrogen or a C.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group; —OC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group or —SC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group; said C.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group being optionally substituted by one or more halo groups; R.sup.6 and R.sup.6′ are each independently a C.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group; —OC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group or —SC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group; each R.sup.1 and R.sup.1′ are independently —CH.sub.2R.sup.x wherein R.sup.x are each independently H, or a C.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group, optionally containing heteroatoms.

A complex of formula (I) ##STR00001## wherein M is zirconium or hafnium; each X independently is a sigma ligand; L is a divalent bridge selected from —R′.sub.2C—, —R′.sub.2C—CR′.sub.2—, —R′.sub.2Si—, —R′.sub.2Si—SiR′.sub.2—, —R′.sub.2Ge—, wherein each R′ is independently a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-C.sub.20-hydrocarbyl .group optionally containing one or more silicon atoms or heteroatoms of Group 14-16 of the periodic table or fluorine atoms, and optionally two R′ groups taken together can form a ring; R.sup.2 and R.sup.2′ are each independently a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 hydrocarbyl group, —OC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group or —SC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group; R.sup.5 is a —OC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group or —SC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group, said R.sup.5 group being optionally substituted by one or more halo groups; R.sup.5′ is hydrogen or a C.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group; —OC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group or —SC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group; said C.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group being optionally substituted by one or more halo groups; R.sup.6 and R.sup.6′ are each independently a C.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group; —OC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group or —SC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group; each R.sup.1 and R.sup.1′ are independently —CH.sub.2R.sup.x wherein R.sup.x are each independently H, or a C.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group, optionally containing heteroatoms.

Described herein is method of making branched perfluorinated compounds, specifically (CF.sub.3).sub.2CFCF(CF.sub.3)OCF(CF.sub.3)C(═O)F and (CF.sub.3).sub.2CFCF(CF.sub.3)OCF═CF.sub.2. Also disclosed herein is a fluoropolymer derived from the branched perfluorovinyl ether monomer and methods of making the fluoropolymer.

Described herein is method of making branched perfluorinated compounds, specifically (CF.sub.3).sub.2CFCF(CF.sub.3)OCF(CF.sub.3)C(═O)F and (CF.sub.3).sub.2CFCF(CF.sub.3)OCF═CF.sub.2. Also disclosed herein is a fluoropolymer derived from the branched perfluorovinyl ether monomer and methods of making the fluoropolymer.

The invention relates to a method and intermediate compounds for the preparation of menaquinone MK-7. The method for the preparation of menaquinone MK-7 is characterized in that, it comprises coupling of a compound of formula (11) with a compound of formula (17) in the presence of a base, to obtain a compound of formula (18), which is subjected to desulfonylation reaction in the presence of a palladium catalyst, to obtain a compound of formula (19), which is subjected to oxidation reaction, to obtain menaquinone MK-7. The invention also relates to compound (8), preferably in a crystalline form, which is a convenient intermediate compound for the preparation of menaquinone MK-7.

The invention relates to a method and intermediate compounds for the preparation of menaquinone MK-7. The method for the preparation of menaquinone MK-7 is characterized in that, it comprises coupling of a compound of formula (11) with a compound of formula (17) in the presence of a base, to obtain a compound of formula (18), which is subjected to desulfonylation reaction in the presence of a palladium catalyst, to obtain a compound of formula (19), which is subjected to oxidation reaction, to obtain menaquinone MK-7. The invention also relates to compound (8), preferably in a crystalline form, which is a convenient intermediate compound for the preparation of menaquinone MK-7.

The present application discloses complexes useful as catalysts for organic chemical synthesis including hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of unsaturated compounds or dehydrogenation of substrates. The range of hydrogenation substrate compounds includes esters, lactones, oils and fats, resulting in alcohols, diols, and triols as reaction products. The catalysts of current application can be used to catalyze a hydrogenation reaction under solvent free conditions. The present catalysts also allow the hydrogenation to proceed without added base, and it can be used in place of the conventional reduction methods employing hydrides of the main-group elements. Furthermore, the catalysts of the present application can catalyze a dehydrogenation reaction under homogenous and/or acceptorless conditions. As such, the catalysts provided herein can be useful in substantially reducing cost and improving the environmental profile of manufacturing processes for variety of chemicals.

The present application discloses complexes useful as catalysts for organic chemical synthesis including hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of unsaturated compounds or dehydrogenation of substrates. The range of hydrogenation substrate compounds includes esters, lactones, oils and fats, resulting in alcohols, diols, and triols as reaction products. The catalysts of current application can be used to catalyze a hydrogenation reaction under solvent free conditions. The present catalysts also allow the hydrogenation to proceed without added base, and it can be used in place of the conventional reduction methods employing hydrides of the main-group elements. Furthermore, the catalysts of the present application can catalyze a dehydrogenation reaction under homogenous and/or acceptorless conditions. As such, the catalysts provided herein can be useful in substantially reducing cost and improving the environmental profile of manufacturing processes for variety of chemicals.