This describes homogeneous catalysts that are recoverable from solution by being phase selective and through host-guest interactions. An example of a method includes separating a water soluble N-heterocyclic carbene homogeneous catalyst from a solution by: (a) forming a host-guest compound between the catalyst and an inclusion compound in the solution; and (b) isolating the host-guest compound from the solution.

A compound represented by the following formula (1).

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(in formula (1), R.sup.1 represents a 2n-valent group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 to R.sup.5 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a thiol group or a hydroxyl group, provided that at least one R.sup.4 and/or at least one R.sup.5 represents an alkoxy group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, m.sup.2 and m.sup.3 are each independently an integer of 0 to 8, m.sup.4 and m.sup.5 are each independently an integer of 0 to 9, provided that m.sup.4 and m.sup.5 are not 0 at the same time, n is an integer of 1 to 4, and p.sup.2 to p.sup.5 are each independently an integer of 0 to 2.)

A compound represented by the following formula (1).

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(in formula (1), R.sup.1 represents a 2n-valent group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 to R.sup.5 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a thiol group or a hydroxyl group, provided that at least one R.sup.4 and/or at least one R.sup.5 represents an alkoxy group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, m.sup.2 and m.sup.3 are each independently an integer of 0 to 8, m.sup.4 and m.sup.5 are each independently an integer of 0 to 9, provided that m.sup.4 and m.sup.5 are not 0 at the same time, n is an integer of 1 to 4, and p.sup.2 to p.sup.5 are each independently an integer of 0 to 2.)

The subject of the invention are new sterically activated chelating ruthenium complexes with the formula 1a, easy to obtain by efficient chemical reactions. The invention also concerns the method of obtaining and using ruthenium complexes with formula 1a as precatalysts and/or catalysts in a wide spectrum of known olefin metathesis reactions.

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Provided in the present invention is a method for preparing chiral alkyl compounds by the asymmetric hydrogenation reaction of iron complex catalysts catalysing olefins: using the disubstituted olefin shown in formula I as a raw material, atmospheric hydrogen as a hydrogen source, FeX2-8-OIQ complex as a catalyst, and a silane compound and acetonitrile as cocatalysts, and reacting for 12-24 hours under the action of a reducing agent to prepare the chiral alkyl compound shown in formula II. The method of the present invention has mild reaction conditions, simple operation, and high atom economy. In addition, the reaction does not require the addition of any other toxic transition metal (such as ruthenium, rhodium, and palladium), and has great practical application value in the synthesis of drugs and materials. The conversion rate of the reaction is also good, generally reaching >99%, and the enantioselectivity is also high, generally 70-99%. ##STR00001## ##STR00002##

Provided in the present invention is a method for preparing chiral alkyl compounds by the asymmetric hydrogenation reaction of iron complex catalysts catalysing olefins: using the disubstituted olefin shown in formula I as a raw material, atmospheric hydrogen as a hydrogen source, FeX2-8-OIQ complex as a catalyst, and a silane compound and acetonitrile as cocatalysts, and reacting for 12-24 hours under the action of a reducing agent to prepare the chiral alkyl compound shown in formula II. The method of the present invention has mild reaction conditions, simple operation, and high atom economy. In addition, the reaction does not require the addition of any other toxic transition metal (such as ruthenium, rhodium, and palladium), and has great practical application value in the synthesis of drugs and materials. The conversion rate of the reaction is also good, generally reaching >99%, and the enantioselectivity is also high, generally 70-99%. ##STR00001## ##STR00002##

A light emitting element includes a first electrode, a second electrode disposed on the first electrode, and an emission part disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including a first emission layer and a second emission layer disposed on the first emission layer, the first emission layer may include a first host, and a first dopant, and the second emission layer may include a hole transport host different from the first host, an electron transport host, and a second dopant. A first hole mobility of the first host may be in a range of about 5.010.sup.6 cm.sup.2/Vs to about 1.010.sup.3 cm.sup.2/Vs, a second hole mobility of a host mixture including the hole transport host and the electron transport host may be in a range of about 1.010.sup.6 cm.sup.2/Vs to about 1.010.sup.4 cm.sup.2/Vs, and the first hole mobility may be larger than the second hole mobility.

A light emitting element includes a first electrode, a second electrode disposed on the first electrode, and an emission part disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including a first emission layer and a second emission layer disposed on the first emission layer, the first emission layer may include a first host, and a first dopant, and the second emission layer may include a hole transport host different from the first host, an electron transport host, and a second dopant. A first hole mobility of the first host may be in a range of about 5.010.sup.6 cm.sup.2/Vs to about 1.010.sup.3 cm.sup.2/Vs, a second hole mobility of a host mixture including the hole transport host and the electron transport host may be in a range of about 1.010.sup.6 cm.sup.2/Vs to about 1.010.sup.4 cm.sup.2/Vs, and the first hole mobility may be larger than the second hole mobility.

The present invention provides a novel monomer, which provides a new functionality by including a novel monomer formed by a bond between a pentagonal cyclic olefin molecule and a photosensitive molecule, may control mechanical and thermal properties, and is formed by a bond between Chemical Formula 1 and any one of Chemical Formulae 2 to 4 in order to perform chemical recycling through reversible chemical changes according to the external stimulus.

The present invention provides a novel monomer, which provides a new functionality by including a novel monomer formed by a bond between a pentagonal cyclic olefin molecule and a photosensitive molecule, may control mechanical and thermal properties, and is formed by a bond between Chemical Formula 1 and any one of Chemical Formulae 2 to 4 in order to perform chemical recycling through reversible chemical changes according to the external stimulus.