Compounds of formula (I) are of use in the modulation of Kv3.1, Kv.3.2 and Kv3.3 channels and have utility in the treatment or prevention of related disorders. ##STR00001##

Compounds of formula (I) are of use in the modulation of Kv3.1, Kv.3.2 and Kv3.3 channels and have utility in the treatment or prevention of related disorders. ##STR00001##

A carbon nanobelt represented by formula (1) was synthesized by chemical synthesis:

wherein each Ar is identical or different and represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring; each R.sup.1 is identical or different and represents hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, or alkoxy; and n represents an integer of 0 or more.

A carbon nanobelt represented by formula (1) was synthesized by chemical synthesis:

wherein each Ar is identical or different and represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring; each R.sup.1 is identical or different and represents hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, or alkoxy; and n represents an integer of 0 or more.

A halide compound having one or more carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds is catalytically reduced with substantially no dehalogenation to produce a reduced halide compound in which at least one of the one or more unsaturated bonds is reduced. Specifically provided is a method for producing a reduced halide compound including steps of: reacting a nickel compound, a zinc compound, and a borohydride compound in a solvent to obtain a reduction catalyst; and subjecting a halide compound having one or more carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds to catalytic reduction in the presence of the reduction catalyst to reduce at least one of the one or more carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds to thereby obtain a reduced halide compound.

A halide compound having one or more carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds is catalytically reduced with substantially no dehalogenation to produce a reduced halide compound in which at least one of the one or more unsaturated bonds is reduced. Specifically provided is a method for producing a reduced halide compound including steps of: reacting a nickel compound, a zinc compound, and a borohydride compound in a solvent to obtain a reduction catalyst; and subjecting a halide compound having one or more carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds to catalytic reduction in the presence of the reduction catalyst to reduce at least one of the one or more carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds to thereby obtain a reduced halide compound.

The present invention provides a production method of -fluoroacrylate ester, a composition containing a highly-pure fluorocyclopropane derivative and a composition containing highly-pure -fluoroacrylate ester. The present invention relates to a method of producing a compound represented by the following formula (F), including subjecting a composition containing a compound represented by the following formula (A) to a purification treatment in the order of distillation and washing with an aqueous alkali solution to give a purified product containing a compound represented by the following formula (A), and subjecting the purified product to a thermal decomposition reaction, a composition containing a highly-pure compound represented by the following formula (A), and a composition containing a highly-pure compound represented by the following formula (F), wherein R may be the same or different and is a monovalent hydrocarbon group, and X is a halogen atom:

##STR00001##

The present invention provides a production method of -fluoroacrylate ester, a composition containing a highly-pure fluorocyclopropane derivative and a composition containing highly-pure -fluoroacrylate ester. The present invention relates to a method of producing a compound represented by the following formula (F), including subjecting a composition containing a compound represented by the following formula (A) to a purification treatment in the order of distillation and washing with an aqueous alkali solution to give a purified product containing a compound represented by the following formula (A), and subjecting the purified product to a thermal decomposition reaction, a composition containing a highly-pure compound represented by the following formula (A), and a composition containing a highly-pure compound represented by the following formula (F), wherein R may be the same or different and is a monovalent hydrocarbon group, and X is a halogen atom:

##STR00001##

The present invention provides a production method of -fluoroacrylate ester, a composition containing a highly-pure fluorocyclopropane derivative and a composition containing highly-pure -fluoroacrylate ester. The present invention relates to a method of producing a compound represented by the following formula (F), including subjecting a composition containing a compound represented by the following formula (A) to a purification treatment in the order of distillation and washing with an aqueous alkali solution to give a purified product containing a compound represented by the following formula (A), and subjecting the purified product to a thermal decomposition reaction, a composition containing a highly-pure compound represented by the following formula (A), and a composition containing a highly-pure compound represented by the following formula (F), wherein R may be the same or different and is a monovalent hydrocarbon group, and X is a halogen atom:

##STR00001##

To provide a novel method for producing a halogenated acrylic acid derivative. A compound represented by the formula (1): ##STR00001##
(wherein each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 which are independent of each other, is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent group essentially containing a carbon atom, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together form a ring, R.sup.3 is a monovalent group capable of being desorbed by R.sup.3OH removal reaction, and each of R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 which are independent of each other, is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent group essentially containing a carbon atom) and having a boiling point of at most 500 C., is subjected to R.sup.3OH removal reaction in a vapor phase in the presence of a solid catalyst to obtain an ethene derivative represented by the formula (2): ##STR00002##
the ethene derivative represented by the formula (2) and a halogenated methane represented by the formula (3):
CHXYZ(3)
(wherein each of X, Y and Z which are independent of one another, is a halogen atom) are reacted in the presence of a basic compound and a phase transfer catalyst, to obtain a cyclopropane derivative represented by the formula (4): ##STR00003##
and the cyclopropane derivative represented by the formula (4) is reacted by heating in a liquid phase or in a vapor phase to obtain a halogenated acrylic acid ester derivative represented by the formula (5): ##STR00004##