The present invention relates to a polyethylene glycol derivative and a preparation method thereof. A preparation process of a polyethylene glycol derivative, according to the present invention, may provide a novel polyethylene glycol derivative which can be utilized in various ways as a drug linker, and is appropriate and effective for mass production and is advantageous in reproducible mass production of high-quality products.

Treprostinil is a synthetic prostacyclin derivative with thrombocyte aggregation inhibitory and vasodilatory activity. Treprostinil can be administered in subcutaneous, intravenous, inhalable, or oral forms. Disclosed is a method for the preparation of treprostinil of formula I and its amorphous form, anhydrate form, monohydrate form, and polyhydrate form salts with bases. In the disclosed method, the chiral center in the 3-hydroxyoctyl substituent is formed at the end of the synthesis, so that the method is robust and well scalable. Also disclosed are treprostinil intermediates and the preparation of the intermediates.

##STR00001##

Treprostinil is a synthetic prostacyclin derivative with thrombocyte aggregation inhibitory and vasodilatory activity. Treprostinil can be administered in subcutaneous, intravenous, inhalable, or oral forms. Disclosed is a method for the preparation of treprostinil of formula I and its amorphous form, anhydrate form, monohydrate form, and polyhydrate form salts with bases. In the disclosed method, the chiral center in the 3-hydroxyoctyl substituent is formed at the end of the synthesis, so that the method is robust and well scalable. Also disclosed are treprostinil intermediates and the preparation of the intermediates.

##STR00001##

Treprostinil is a synthetic prostacyclin derivative with thrombocyte aggregation inhibitory and vasodilatory activity. Treprostinil can be administered in subcutaneous, intravenous, inhalable, or oral forms. Disclosed is a method for the preparation of treprostinil of formula I and its amorphous form, anhydrate form, monohydrate form, and polyhydrate form salts with bases. In the disclosed method, the chiral center in the 3-hydroxyoctyl substituent is formed at the end of the synthesis, so that the method is robust and well scalable. Also disclosed are treprostinil intermediates and the preparation of the intermediates.

##STR00001##

Surfactants capable of releasing and/or dissolving polymers to form water-soluble or water-dispersible polymer solutions are disclosed. In addition, polymer compositions containing a water-in-oil emulsion comprising the surfactant are provided and can be used, for example, in methods of dissolving a polymer. Also disclosed are detergent compositions and methods of cleaning articles and/or membranes using the surfactants herein. These surfactants and polymer compositions can be used in various industries including for water clarification, papermaking, sewage and industrial water treatment, drilling mud stabilizers, and enhanced oil recovery.

Surfactants capable of releasing and/or dissolving polymers to form water-soluble or water-dispersible polymer solutions are disclosed. In addition, polymer compositions containing a water-in-oil emulsion comprising the surfactant are provided and can be used, for example, in methods of dissolving a polymer. Also disclosed are detergent compositions and methods of cleaning articles and/or membranes using the surfactants herein. These surfactants and polymer compositions can be used in various industries including for water clarification, papermaking, sewage and industrial water treatment, drilling mud stabilizers, and enhanced oil recovery.

Disclosed are a compound represented by formula (I), a resin and a resist composition: ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group which may have a halogen atom, a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom; L.sup.1 represents a single bond or —CO—O*; R.sup.3 represents an alkyl group, and —CH.sub.2— included in the group may be replaced by —O— or —CO; R.sup.4 represents a fluorine atom, an alkyl fluoride group or an alkyl group, and —CH.sub.2— included in the alkyl fluoride group and the alkyl group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—; R.sup.5 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkylcarbonyl group or an acid-labile group; m2 and m3 represent an integer of 1 to 3, m4 represents an integer of 0 to 2, and m5 represents 1 or 2, in which 3≤m2+m3+m4+m5≤5.

The present invention provides a preparation method of (5-fluoro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-yl)methylamine or a salt thereof, which uses 4-fluoro-3-methylphenol as the starting material, and is carried out through the steps of bromination, O-alkylation, cyclization, bromination, azidation or ammonolysis, and reduction. The reaction route of the present invention has simple synthesis process, convenient operation, high yield, and is environmentally friendly. The prepared (5-fluoro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-yl)methylamine can be used as an intermediate in pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals.

The present invention provides a preparation method of (5-fluoro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-yl)methylamine or a salt thereof, which uses 4-fluoro-3-methylphenol as the starting material, and is carried out through the steps of bromination, O-alkylation, cyclization, bromination, azidation or ammonolysis, and reduction. The reaction route of the present invention has simple synthesis process, convenient operation, high yield, and is environmentally friendly. The prepared (5-fluoro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-yl)methylamine can be used as an intermediate in pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals.

Surfactants capable of releasing and/or dissolving polymers to form water-soluble or water-dispersible polymer solutions are disclosed. In addition, polymer compositions containing a water-in-oil emulsion comprising the surfactant are provided and can be used, for example, in methods of dissolving a polymer. Also disclosed are detergent compositions and methods of cleaning articles and/or membranes using the surfactants herein. These surfactants and polymer compositions can be used in various industries including for water clarification, papermaking, sewage and industrial water treatment, drilling mud stabilizers, and enhanced oil recovery.