A tetracarbonyl cyclobutene dihydrate compound, having a chemical formula (I). ##STR00001## A method of synthesizing the tetracarbonyl cyclobutene dihydrate compound, includes: a synthesis step, a separation step, and a purification step. The synthesis step includes: collecting and dissolving 0.5728 g of squaric acid, 2.7948 g of ammonium formate, and 0.0480 g of the palladium complex in 100 mL of anhydrous methanol, heating and stirring a resulting mixture to reflux for 48 hrs, and stopping the reaction. The separation step includes: performing column chromatography analysis on reaction products according to a volume ratio of dichloromethane to anhydrous methanol of 8:2, to obtain a target product. A method of using the tetracarbonyl cyclobutene dihydrate compound, includes: using tetracarbonyl cyclobutene dihydrate compound as a catalyst in addition reaction between ethyl pyruvate and nitromethane, where a conversion rate of ethyl pyruvate reaches 96.1%.

A tetracarbonyl cyclobutene dihydrate compound, having a chemical formula (I). ##STR00001## A method of synthesizing the tetracarbonyl cyclobutene dihydrate compound, includes: a synthesis step, a separation step, and a purification step. The synthesis step includes: collecting and dissolving 0.5728 g of squaric acid, 2.7948 g of ammonium formate, and 0.0480 g of the palladium complex in 100 mL of anhydrous methanol, heating and stirring a resulting mixture to reflux for 48 hrs, and stopping the reaction. The separation step includes: performing column chromatography analysis on reaction products according to a volume ratio of dichloromethane to anhydrous methanol of 8:2, to obtain a target product. A method of using the tetracarbonyl cyclobutene dihydrate compound, includes: using tetracarbonyl cyclobutene dihydrate compound as a catalyst in addition reaction between ethyl pyruvate and nitromethane, where a conversion rate of ethyl pyruvate reaches 96.1%.

The present invention provides modified cycloalkyne compounds; and method of use of such compounds in modifying biomolecules. The present invention features a cycloaddition reaction that can be carried out under physiological conditions. In general, the invention involves reacting a modified cycloalkyne with an azide moiety on a target biomolecule, generating a covalently modified biomolecule. The selectivity of the reaction and its compatibility with aqueous environments provide for its application in vivo (e.g., on the cell surface or intracellularly) and in vitro (e.g., synthesis of peptides and other polymers, production of modified (e.g., labeled) amino acids).

Methods for preparation of olefins, including 8- and 11-unsaturated monoenes and polyenes, via transition metathesis-based synthetic routes are described. Metathesis reactions in the methods are catalyzed by transition metal catalysts including tungsten-, molybdenum-, and ruthenium-based catalysts. The olefins include insect pheromones useful in a number of agricultural applications.

Methods for preparation of olefins, including 8- and 11-unsaturated monoenes and polyenes, via transition metathesis-based synthetic routes are described. Metathesis reactions in the methods are catalyzed by transition metal catalysts including tungsten-, molybdenum-, and ruthenium-based catalysts. The olefins include insect pheromones useful in a number of agricultural applications.

The present invention relates to a novel synthetic pathway for alpha-tocopherol. The invention discloses different reactions yielding some new intermediates in a very high yield and stereoselectivity.

The present invention relates to a novel synthetic pathway for alpha-tocopherol. The invention discloses different reactions yielding some new intermediates in a very high yield and stereoselectivity.

Oxidizing a first aromatic compound in the presence of a metal salt to yield a second aromatic compound includes combining the first aromatic compound, the metal salt, and water to yield an aqueous mixture, and heating the aqueous mixture at a temperature exceeding 200° C. to yield a reaction product that includes the second aromatic compound.

Oxidizing a first aromatic compound in the presence of a metal salt to yield a second aromatic compound includes combining the first aromatic compound, the metal salt, and water to yield an aqueous mixture, and heating the aqueous mixture at a temperature exceeding 200° C. to yield a reaction product that includes the second aromatic compound.

Process for the preparation of 3-methyl-2-buten-1-al, wherein 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol is reacted to 3-methyl-2-buten-1-al in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the catalyst comprises a catalytically active metal and wherein the reaction is conducted at a pH of ≤7.