A process for continuous, on-demand production of dilute acrolein liquid on-site, at or near the point of acrolein injection, by the liquid dehydration of glycerol in an improved tubular reactor where non-aqueous glycerol is combined with a heteropolyacid catalyst, including silicotungstic acid, phosphotungstic acid, or phosphomolybdic acid. The acid catalyst is evenly dissolved and dispersed in the glycerol upstream of the reactor vessel. The reaction is conducted in a tubular reactor which is heated to an elevated reaction temperature. The dilute acrolein produced in the tubular reactor is directed downstream, optionally through a liquid-liquid heat exchanger and then an air-liquid heat exchanger to reduce temperature, and then diluted prior to being injected into sulfide contaminated systems (such as oil & gas water floods, water disposal systems, producing oil wells, and fuel oil storage) via a pressure conduit.

A process for continuous, on-demand production of dilute acrolein liquid on-site, at or near the point of acrolein injection, by the liquid dehydration of glycerol in an improved tubular reactor where non-aqueous glycerol is combined with a heteropolyacid catalyst, including silicotungstic acid, phosphotungstic acid, or phosphomolybdic acid. The acid catalyst is evenly dissolved and dispersed in the glycerol upstream of the reactor vessel. The reaction is conducted in a tubular reactor which is heated to an elevated reaction temperature. The dilute acrolein produced in the tubular reactor is directed downstream, optionally through a liquid-liquid heat exchanger and then an air-liquid heat exchanger to reduce temperature, and then diluted prior to being injected into sulfide contaminated systems (such as oil & gas water floods, water disposal systems, producing oil wells, and fuel oil storage) via a pressure conduit.

Provided herein are compositions for preventing, ameliorating, and/or reducing tissue ischemia and/or tissue damage due to ischemia, increasing blood vessel diameter, blood flow and tissue perfusion in the presence of vascular disease including peripheral vascular disease, atherosclerotic vascular disease, coronary artery disease, stroke and influencing other conditions, by suppressing CD47 and/or blocking TSP1 and/or CD47 activity or interaction. Influencing the interaction of CD47-TSP1 in blood vessels allows for control of blood vessel diameter and blood flow, and permits modification of blood pressure and cardiac function. Under conditions of decreased blood flow, for instance through injury or atherosclerosis, blocking TSP1-CD47 interaction allows blood vessels to dilate and increases blood flow, tissue perfusion and tissue survival.

Provided herein are compositions for preventing, ameliorating, and/or reducing tissue ischemia and/or tissue damage due to ischemia, increasing blood vessel diameter, blood flow and tissue perfusion in the presence of vascular disease including peripheral vascular disease, atherosclerotic vascular disease, coronary artery disease, stroke and influencing other conditions, by suppressing CD47 and/or blocking TSP1 and/or CD47 activity or interaction. Influencing the interaction of CD47-TSP1 in blood vessels allows for control of blood vessel diameter and blood flow, and permits modification of blood pressure and cardiac function. Under conditions of decreased blood flow, for instance through injury or atherosclerosis, blocking TSP1-CD47 interaction allows blood vessels to dilate and increases blood flow, tissue perfusion and tissue survival.

Provided herein are compositions for preventing, ameliorating, and/or reducing tissue ischemia and/or tissue damage due to ischemia, increasing blood vessel diameter, blood flow and tissue perfusion in the presence of vascular disease including peripheral vascular disease, atherosclerotic vascular disease, coronary artery disease, stroke and influencing other conditions, by suppressing CD47 and/or blocking TSP1 and/or CD47 activity or interaction. Influencing the interaction of CD47-TSP1 in blood vessels allows for control of blood vessel diameter and blood flow, and permits modification of blood pressure and cardiac function. Under conditions of decreased blood flow, for instance through injury or atherosclerosis, blocking TSP1-CD47 interaction allows blood vessels to dilate and increases blood flow, tissue perfusion and tissue survival.

The invention relates to an integrated process for the production of fuel components starting from materials of a biological origin which comprises: (A) transformation of glycerine into an alkoxy-propanediol having formula ROCH.sub.2CHOHCH.sub.2OH, wherein R is a linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl, (B) transformation of glycerine into 1,2-propanediol CH.sub.3CHOHCH.sub.2OH, (C) dehydration of the 1,2-propanediol obtained in (B) to propionic aldehyde, (D) reaction of part of the propionic aldehyde obtained in (C) with the alkoxy-propanediol having formula ROCH.sub.2CHOHCH.sub.2OH obtained in (A) to give an acetal having formula (a) wherein R is a linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl, (E) transformation of part of the propionic aldehyde obtained in (C) to a propionate having formula CH.sub.3CH.sub.2COOR, wherein R is a linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl. Particular components for gasolines and/or diesel are also described.

The invention relates to an integrated process for the production of fuel components starting from materials of a biological origin which comprises: (A) transformation of glycerine into an alkoxy-propanediol having formula ROCH.sub.2CHOHCH.sub.2OH, wherein R is a linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl, (B) transformation of glycerine into 1,2-propanediol CH.sub.3CHOHCH.sub.2OH, (C) dehydration of the 1,2-propanediol obtained in (B) to propionic aldehyde, (D) reaction of part of the propionic aldehyde obtained in (C) with the alkoxy-propanediol having formula ROCH.sub.2CHOHCH.sub.2OH obtained in (A) to give an acetal having formula (a) wherein R is a linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl, (E) transformation of part of the propionic aldehyde obtained in (C) to a propionate having formula CH.sub.3CH.sub.2COOR, wherein R is a linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl. Particular components for gasolines and/or diesel are also described.

The invention relates to an integrated process for the production of fuel components starting from materials of a biological origin which comprises: (A) transformation of glycerine into an alkoxy-propanediol having formula ROCH.sub.2CHOHCH.sub.2OH, wherein R is a linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl, (B) transformation of glycerine into 1,2-propanediol CH.sub.3CHOHCH.sub.2OH, (C) dehydration of the 1,2-propanediol obtained in (B) to propionic aldehyde, (D) reaction of part of the propionic aldehyde obtained in (C) with the alkoxy-propanediol having formula ROCH.sub.2CHOHCH.sub.2OH obtained in (A) to give an acetal having formula (a) wherein R is a linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl, (E) transformation of part of the propionic aldehyde obtained in (C) to a propionate having formula CH.sub.3CH.sub.2COOR, wherein R is a linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl. Particular components for gasolines and/or diesel are also described.

The present disclosure relates to a catalyst for dehydration of glycerin, a preparation method thereof, and a production method of acrolein using the catalyst. Particularly, the catalyst according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is used in a dehydration reaction of glycerin to exhibit high catalytic activity, a high yield, and high selectivity to acrolein and acrylic acid, and has a longer lifetime compared to the conventional catalysts due to a characteristic that coke carbon cannot be easily deposited on the surface of the catalyst.

The present disclosure relates to a catalyst for dehydration of glycerin, a preparation method thereof, and a production method of acrolein using the catalyst. Particularly, the catalyst according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is used in a dehydration reaction of glycerin to exhibit high catalytic activity, a high yield, and high selectivity to acrolein and acrylic acid, and has a longer lifetime compared to the conventional catalysts due to a characteristic that coke carbon cannot be easily deposited on the surface of the catalyst.