Provided is a method for producing a compound represented by general formula (I) by oxidative cleavage of a compound of formula (II), which is a bicyclic tetrasubstituted olefin compound, using hydrogen peroxide. The method for producing a compound represented by general formula (I) includes a step of subjecting a compound represented by general formula (II) to oxidative cleavage using hydrogen peroxide in the presence of an acid catalyst or in the presence of a tungstic acid compound to obtain the compound represented by general formula (I): ##STR00001##
[In the formulae, formula -A.sup.1- (where the front bond denotes a bond that bonds with a carbon atom C.sup.1 while the back bond denotes a bond that bonds with a carbon atom C.sup.2) is an alkylene group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms that may have been substituted and that may further include an ether bond, an ester bond, a secondary amino group, a thioether group, or these, and formula -A.sup.2- (where the front bond denotes a bond that bonds with a carbon atom C.sup.1 while the back bond denotes a bond that bonds with a carbon atom C.sup.2) is an alkylene group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms that may have been substituted and that may further include an ether bond, an ester bond, a secondary amino group, a thioether group, or these.]

Processes and reactor systems are provided for the conversion of oxygenated hydrocarbons to hydrocarbons, ketones and alcohols useful as liquid fuels, such as gasoline, jet fuel or diesel fuel, and industrial chemicals. The process involves the conversion of mono-oxygenated hydrocarbons to aromatics and gasoline range hydrocarbons where the oxygenated hydrocarbons are derived from biomass.

Processes and reactor systems are provided for the conversion of oxygenated hydrocarbons to hydrocarbons, ketones and alcohols useful as liquid fuels, such as gasoline, jet fuel or diesel fuel, and industrial chemicals. The process involves the conversion of mono-oxygenated hydrocarbons to aromatics and gasoline range hydrocarbons where the oxygenated hydrocarbons are derived from biomass.

The present disclosure provides a method for producing one or more intermediates for the synthesis of one or more ionizable lipids, the method comprising: (i) producing a beta-ketoacid by reacting a cyclic ester, a terminal hydroxyester or a derivative thereof, a dicarboxylic acid half ester, or an acid chloride derivative of the dicarboxylic acid half ester, in a condensation reaction, thereby producing the beta-ketoacid or a beta-ketoester that is hydrolyzed to produce the beta-ketoacid; and (ii) decarboxylating the beta-ketoacid, thereby producing the one or more intermediates, wherein the one or more intermediates have a structure that may be defined by Formula A. Further provided is a method for producing ionizable lipid from the intermediate comprising adding an ionizable head group moiety to (a) a ketone group of one or more intermediates having the structure that may be defined by Formula A; or (b) a corresponding alcohol of the intermediate.

The present disclosure provides a method for producing one or more intermediates for the synthesis of one or more ionizable lipids, the method comprising: (i) producing a beta-ketoacid by reacting a cyclic ester, a terminal hydroxyester or a derivative thereof, a dicarboxylic acid half ester, or an acid chloride derivative of the dicarboxylic acid half ester, in a condensation reaction, thereby producing the beta-ketoacid or a beta-ketoester that is hydrolyzed to produce the beta-ketoacid; and (ii) decarboxylating the beta-ketoacid, thereby producing the one or more intermediates, wherein the one or more intermediates have a structure that may be defined by Formula A. Further provided is a method for producing ionizable lipid from the intermediate comprising adding an ionizable head group moiety to (a) a ketone group of one or more intermediates having the structure that may be defined by Formula A; or (b) a corresponding alcohol of the intermediate.