The present disclosure provides regioselective methods for synthesizing intermediates useful in making prostacyclin. The methods include heating the compound of Formula 2 at a temperature of 180° C. to 185° C. Wherein the heating ##STR00001##
comprises irradiating the compound of formula 2 with microwave radiation.

The present disclosure provides regioselective methods for synthesizing intermediates useful in making prostacyclin. The methods include heating the compound of Formula 2 at a temperature of 180° C. to 185° C. Wherein the heating ##STR00001##
comprises irradiating the compound of formula 2 with microwave radiation.

The present disclosure provides regioselective methods for synthesizing intermediates useful in making prostacyclin. The methods include heating the compound of Formula 2 at a temperature of 180° C. to 185° C. Wherein the heating ##STR00001##
comprises irradiating the compound of formula 2 with microwave radiation.

The disclosure is directed to a method for recovering products from a fermentation broth. The disclosure relates to the use of dehydration to recover products which have close boiling points, such as ethanol and isopropanol, from a fermentation broth. In an embodiment, the recovery of product is completed in a manner that minimizes stress on the microbial biomass present in the fermentation broth, such that it remains viable, at least in part, and may be recycled and reused in the fermentation process, which may result in increased efficiency in the fermentation process. The dehydration reactor may be used downstream of a distillation vessel and converts products such as ethanol and isopropanol into ethylene and propylene. The ethylene and propylene can be used to prepare a component of a fuel or can be polymerized. To minimize stress on the microbial biomass the distillation vessel may be under vacuum.

The disclosure is directed to a method for recovering products from a fermentation broth. The disclosure relates to the use of dehydration to recover products which have close boiling points, such as ethanol and isopropanol, from a fermentation broth. In an embodiment, the recovery of product is completed in a manner that minimizes stress on the microbial biomass present in the fermentation broth, such that it remains viable, at least in part, and may be recycled and reused in the fermentation process, which may result in increased efficiency in the fermentation process. The dehydration reactor may be used downstream of a distillation vessel and converts products such as ethanol and isopropanol into ethylene and propylene. The ethylene and propylene can be used to prepare a component of a fuel or can be polymerized. To minimize stress on the microbial biomass the distillation vessel may be under vacuum.

A process for preparing aldehydes by a homogeneously catalyzed hydroformylation of C.sub.4 to C.sub.20 olefins involves withdrawing a biphasic stream (liquid/gaseous) and expanding in two stages. Before, between, or after the two stages, the liquid phase is cooled. Only after expansion and cooling is the homogeneously dissolved rhodium catalyst system separated from the residual stream in a three-stage removal.

A process for preparing aldehydes by a homogeneously catalyzed hydroformylation of C.sub.4 to C.sub.20 olefins involves withdrawing a biphasic stream (liquid/gaseous) and expanding in two stages. Before, between, or after the two stages, the liquid phase is cooled. Only after expansion and cooling is the homogeneously dissolved rhodium catalyst system separated from the residual stream in a three-stage removal.

A process for the production of glycolaldehyde by thermolytic fragmentation of a carbohydrate feedstock including mono- and/or di-saccharide(s) and a system suitable for performing the process. The process and the system are suitable for industrial application, and the process may be performed in a continuous process. The salt-depleted carbohydrate feedstock may include one or more impurities selected from the group of arsenic, lead, sulfate, sulfur dioxide, and 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural.

A process for the production of glycolaldehyde by thermolytic fragmentation of a carbohydrate feedstock including mono- and/or di-saccharide(s) and a system suitable for performing the process. The process and the system are suitable for industrial application, and the process may be performed in a continuous process. The salt-depleted carbohydrate feedstock may include one or more impurities selected from the group of arsenic, lead, sulfate, sulfur dioxide, and 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural.

The disclosure is directed to a method for recovering products from a fermentation broth. The disclosure relates to the use of dehydration to recover products which have close boiling points, such as ethanol and isopropanol, from a fermentation broth. In an embodiment, the recovery of product is completed in a manner that minimizes stress on the microbial biomass present in the fermentation broth, such that it remains viable, at least in part, and may be recycled and reused in the fermentation process, which may result in increased efficiency in the fermentation process. The dehydration reactor may be used downstream of a distillation vessel and converts products such as ethanol and isopropanol into ethylene and propylene. The ethylene and propylene can be used to prepare a component of a fuel or can be polymerized. To minimize stress on the microbial biomass the distillation vessel may be under vacuum.