Provided is an improved process of vitamin K2 derivatives preparation, represented by formula (I) wherein n is an integer from 3 to 13. ##STR00001##

Provided is an improved process of vitamin K2 derivatives preparation, represented by formula (I) wherein n is an integer from 3 to 13. ##STR00001##

Provided is an improved process of vitamin K2 derivatives preparation, represented by formula (I) wherein n is an integer from 3 to 13. ##STR00001##

Provided is an improved process of vitamin K2 derivatives preparation, represented by formula (I) wherein n is an integer from 3 to 13.

##STR00001##

Provided is an improved process of vitamin K2 derivatives preparation, represented by formula (I) wherein n is an integer from 3 to 13.

##STR00001##

Provided is an improved process of vitamin K2 derivatives preparation, represented by formula (I) wherein n is an integer from 3 to 13.

##STR00001##

In some embodiments of the invention, inventive compounds (e.g., Formula (I), (IA), (II), and (III), and urolithin derivatives) are disclosed. Other embodiments include compositions (e.g., pharmaceutical compositions) comprising the inventive compound. Still other embodiments of the invention include compositions (e.g., pharmaceutical compositions) for treating, for example, certain diseases using the inventive compounds. Some embodiments include methods of using the inventive compound (e.g., in compositions or in pharmaceutical compositions) for administering and treating (e.g., diseases). Further embodiments include methods for making the inventive compounds. Additional embodiments of the invention are also discussed herein.

In some embodiments of the invention, inventive compounds (e.g., Formula (I), (IA), (II), and (III), and urolithin derivatives) are disclosed. Other embodiments include compositions (e.g., pharmaceutical compositions) comprising the inventive compound. Still other embodiments of the invention include compositions (e.g., pharmaceutical compositions) for treating, for example, certain diseases using the inventive compounds. Some embodiments include methods of using the inventive compound (e.g., in compositions or in pharmaceutical compositions) for administering and treating (e.g., diseases). Further embodiments include methods for making the inventive compounds. Additional embodiments of the invention are also discussed herein.

The first aspect of the present invention is intended to provide a method for producing an oxidation reaction product of the hydrocarbon or a derivative thereof efficiently using hydrocarbon or a derivative thereof as a raw material. In order to achieve the above object, the first aspect of the present invention provides a method for producing an oxidation reaction product of a hydrocarbon or a derivative thereof. The method includes the step of irradiating a reaction system with light in the presence of a raw material and a chlorine dioxide radical. The raw material is hydrocarbon or a derivative thereof, the reaction system is a reaction system containing an organic phase, and the organic phase contains the raw material and the chlorine dioxide radical. In the step of irradiating a reaction system with light, the raw material is oxidized by the light irradiation to generate an oxidation reaction product of the raw material.

The present invention relates to novel combinations of redox active compounds for use as redox flow battery electrolytes. The invention further provides kits comprising these combinations, redox flow batteries, and method using the combinations, kits and redox flow batteries of the invention.