A method of combatting colour loss from a dyed material, the method comprising contacting the material with a composition comprising an alpha-substituted aldehyde.

The current invention relates to long - di-functional linear molecules as building blocks closing the gap between small molecules and polymers, or in a polycondensated form, in the production of oligomers and/or polymers, surfactants, lubricants, coatings, colloidal stabilizing surface chains/molecules.

The current invention relates to long - di-functional linear molecules as building blocks closing the gap between small molecules and polymers, or in a polycondensated form, in the production of oligomers and/or polymers, surfactants, lubricants, coatings, colloidal stabilizing surface chains/molecules.

Shown is a bimesogenic compound having high solubility in a liquid crystal compound, a liquid crystal composition, a chiral dopant, an additive including an antioxidant or an ultraviolet light absorber, and a polymerizable liquid crystal compound, each of which is used in other bimesogenic compounds or a liquid crystal display device, while maintaining desired physical properties. A compound is represented by formula (1), a liquid crystal composition contains the compound, conjugate fibers with an encapsulated liquid crystal obtained from the liquid crystal composition, and a liquid crystal display device is obtained from the conjugate fibers with the encapsulated liquid crystal.
MG.sup.1-Z.sup.a-Sp-Z.sup.b-MG.sup.2(1)

Shown is a bimesogenic compound having high solubility in a liquid crystal compound, a liquid crystal composition, a chiral dopant, an additive including an antioxidant or an ultraviolet light absorber, and a polymerizable liquid crystal compound, each of which is used in other bimesogenic compounds or a liquid crystal display device, while maintaining desired physical properties. A compound is represented by formula (1), a liquid crystal composition contains the compound, conjugate fibers with an encapsulated liquid crystal obtained from the liquid crystal composition, and a liquid crystal display device is obtained from the conjugate fibers with the encapsulated liquid crystal.
MG.sup.1-Z.sup.a-Sp-Z.sup.b-MG.sup.2(1)

There is provided a method for producing hydroxypivalaldehyde (HPA), including steps (i) to (iii) below in this order, Step (i): a reaction step of reacting IBAL with FA to produce a reaction solution containing HPA, step (ii): an extraction step of extracting the reaction solution with an aldehyde solvent represented by formula (1) under basicity to obtain an extract containing HPA, and step (iii): a distillation and collection step of distilling the extract and then collecting HPA from the residue, ##STR00001## wherein R represents a saturated alkyl group having 3 or more and 7 or less carbon atoms, further wherein the distillation step of the step (iii) is a step of distilling an extract in the presence of water, and an amount of the water which is subjected to the distillation is 100 parts by mass or more and 2,000 parts by mass or less with respect to a total amount, 100 parts by mass, of isobutyraldehyde (IBAL) derived from a raw material and an aldehyde solvent represented by formula (1) in an extract which is subjected to the distillation. The method enables HPA to be mass-produced and the collecting ratio of HPA to be improved while selectively removing impurities other than water contained in HPA, specifically IBAL and the like. According to the method for producing HPA as mentioned above, it is possible to reduce the content of neopentyl glycol-isobutyrate, isobutylaldehyde-hydroxypivalaldehyde-acetal, and isobutylaldehyde-hydroxypivalaldehyde-aldol as specific impurities byproduced from HPA.

There is provided a method for producing hydroxypivalaldehyde (HPA), including steps (i) to (iii) below in this order, Step (i): a reaction step of reacting IBAL with FA to produce a reaction solution containing HPA, step (ii): an extraction step of extracting the reaction solution with an aldehyde solvent represented by formula (1) under basicity to obtain an extract containing HPA, and step (iii): a distillation and collection step of distilling the extract and then collecting HPA from the residue, ##STR00001## wherein R represents a saturated alkyl group having 3 or more and 7 or less carbon atoms, further wherein the distillation step of the step (iii) is a step of distilling an extract in the presence of water, and an amount of the water which is subjected to the distillation is 100 parts by mass or more and 2,000 parts by mass or less with respect to a total amount, 100 parts by mass, of isobutyraldehyde (IBAL) derived from a raw material and an aldehyde solvent represented by formula (1) in an extract which is subjected to the distillation. The method enables HPA to be mass-produced and the collecting ratio of HPA to be improved while selectively removing impurities other than water contained in HPA, specifically IBAL and the like. According to the method for producing HPA as mentioned above, it is possible to reduce the content of neopentyl glycol-isobutyrate, isobutylaldehyde-hydroxypivalaldehyde-acetal, and isobutylaldehyde-hydroxypivalaldehyde-aldol as specific impurities byproduced from HPA.

There is provided a method for producing hydroxypivalaldehyde (HPA), including steps (i) to (iii) below in this order, Step (i): a reaction step of reacting IBAL with FA to produce a reaction solution containing HPA, step (ii): an extraction step of extracting the reaction solution with an aldehyde solvent represented by formula (1) under basicity to obtain an extract containing HPA, and step (iii): a distillation and collection step of distilling the extract and then collecting HPA from the residue, ##STR00001## wherein R represents a saturated alkyl group having 3 or more and 7 or less carbon atoms, further wherein the distillation step of the step (iii) is a step of distilling an extract in the presence of water, and an amount of the water which is subjected to the distillation is 100 parts by mass or more and 2,000 parts by mass or less with respect to a total amount, 100 parts by mass, of isobutyraldehyde (IBAL) derived from a raw material and an aldehyde solvent represented by formula (1) in an extract which is subjected to the distillation. The method enables HPA to be mass-produced and the collecting ratio of HPA to be improved while selectively removing impurities other than water contained in HPA, specifically IBAL and the like. According to the method for producing HPA as mentioned above, it is possible to reduce the content of neopentyl glycol-isobutyrate, isobutylaldehyde-hydroxypivalaldehyde-acetal, and isobutylaldehyde-hydroxypivalaldehyde-aldol as specific impurities byproduced from HPA.

The invention relates to terpene-derived acids and esters thereof as well as to processes for synthesizing them.

The invention relates to terpene-derived acids and esters thereof as well as to processes for synthesizing them.