There are provided a novel aromatic aldehyde compound capable of providing an epoxy resin coating film and an epoxy resin cured material satisfying all of the excellent surface property (smoothness, gloss), drying property, water resistance, transparency and adhesion, and an epoxy resin curing agent and an epoxy resin composition containing the aromatic aldehyde compound. The aromatic aldehyde has a branched alkyl group having 10 to 14 carbon atoms.

Disclosed are a composition and a perfume composition for inhibiting growth of breast cancer stem cells containing phenylacetaldehyde or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active (effective) ingredient, and a pharmaceutical composition, a food composition or the like for inhibiting metastasis of breast cancer, or treating or preventing breast cancer, including the composition. The phenylacetaldehyde inhibits growth of breast cancer cells and formation of breast cancer stem cells. In addition, the phenylacetaldehyde inhibits expression of self-renewal genes such as Nanog, Sox2, Oct4, and CD44 known to be specifically expressed in breast cancer stem cells, inhibits production of IL-6 known to be involved in formation of mammospheres of breast cancer stem cells, and inhibits STATS signaling pathways. Accordingly, the compound inhibits growth of breast cancer stem cells and is useful for the treatment of breast cancer.

Process for hydroformylation of olefins using Pt and iodine.

Process for hydroformylation of olefins using Pt and iodine.

Zwitterion ligand metal complexes and methods of aerobic oxidation using a zwitterion ligand metal complex are provided. The zwitterion ligand metal complexes can include a transition metal salt and a zwitterion ligand, which can comprise a non-conjugated amide anion-phosphonium cation, an amide anion-ammonium cation, or an iminium cation. The methods of aerobic oxidation can include combining the zwitterion ligand metal complex with an oxidizable compound and molecular oxygen to allow the isolation of an oxidized compound from the oxidizable compound.

Zwitterion ligand metal complexes and methods of aerobic oxidation using a zwitterion ligand metal complex are provided. The zwitterion ligand metal complexes can include a transition metal salt and a zwitterion ligand, which can comprise a non-conjugated amide anion-phosphonium cation, an amide anion-ammonium cation, or an iminium cation. The methods of aerobic oxidation can include combining the zwitterion ligand metal complex with an oxidizable compound and molecular oxygen to allow the isolation of an oxidized compound from the oxidizable compound.

An aldehyde composition containing an aldehyde represented by Formula (1) and an aldehyde represented by Formula (2) is provided. A mass ratio [(1)/(2)] of the aldehyde represented by Formula (1) to the aldehyde represented by Formula (2) is from 96/4 to 99.97/0.03.

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An aldehyde composition containing an aldehyde represented by Formula (1) and an aldehyde represented by Formula (2) is provided. A mass ratio [(1)/(2)] of the aldehyde represented by Formula (1) to the aldehyde represented by Formula (2) is from 96/4 to 99.97/0.03.

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Zwitterion ligand metal complexes and methods of aerobic oxidation using a zwitterion ligand metal complex are provided. The zwitterion ligand metal complexes can include a transition metal salt and a zwitterion ligand, which can comprise a non-conjugated amide anion-phosphonium cation, an amide anion-ammonium cation, or an iminium cation. The methods of aerobic oxidation can include combining the zwitterion ligand metal complex with an oxidizable compound and molecular oxygen to allow the isolation of an oxidized compound from the oxidizable compound.

Zwitterion ligand metal complexes and methods of aerobic oxidation using a zwitterion ligand metal complex are provided. The zwitterion ligand metal complexes can include a transition metal salt and a zwitterion ligand, which can comprise a non-conjugated amide anion-phosphonium cation, an amide anion-ammonium cation, or an iminium cation. The methods of aerobic oxidation can include combining the zwitterion ligand metal complex with an oxidizable compound and molecular oxygen to allow the isolation of an oxidized compound from the oxidizable compound.