The present invention relates to isomerizing hydroformylation of plant oils to feedstock chemicals and monomers. More particularly, the present invention relates to compound of formula (I) and process for preparation thereof using isomerizing functionalization of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL). ##STR00001##

Provided herein are convenient and efficient processes for preparing (2E,6Z)-2,6-nonadienal and (2E)-6,7-epoxy-2-nonenal with a reduced number of steps. For instance, provided herein is a process for preparing (2E,6Z)-2,6-nonadienal, including at least steps of subjecting a (6,6-dialkoxy-4-hexenylidene)triarylphosphorane compound of the general formula: Ar.sub.3PCH(CH.sub.2).sub.2CHCHCH(OR.sup.1)(OR.sup.2) to a Witting reaction with propanal to form a 1,1-dialkoxy-(6Z)-2,6-nonadiene compound of the general formula (6); and subjecting the 1,1-dialkoxy-(6Z)-2,6-nonadiene compound to hydrolysis to form (2E,6Z)-2,6-nonadienal. Also provided is a process for preparing (2E)-cis-6,7-epoxy-2-nonenal of the formula (8), comprising a step of subjecting (2E,6Z)-2,6-nonadienal thus obtained to epoxidation to form (2E)-cis-6,7-epoxy-2-nonenal. ##STR00001##

Provided herein are convenient and efficient processes for preparing (2E,6Z)-2,6-nonadienal and (2E)-6,7-epoxy-2-nonenal with a reduced number of steps. For instance, provided herein is a process for preparing (2E,6Z)-2,6-nonadienal, including at least steps of subjecting a (6,6-dialkoxy-4-hexenylidene)triarylphosphorane compound of the general formula: Ar.sub.3PCH(CH.sub.2).sub.2CHCHCH(OR.sup.1)(OR.sup.2) to a Witting reaction with propanal to form a 1,1-dialkoxy-(6Z)-2,6-nonadiene compound of the general formula (6); and subjecting the 1,1-dialkoxy-(6Z)-2,6-nonadiene compound to hydrolysis to form (2E,6Z)-2,6-nonadienal. Also provided is a process for preparing (2E)-cis-6,7-epoxy-2-nonenal of the formula (8), comprising a step of subjecting (2E,6Z)-2,6-nonadienal thus obtained to epoxidation to form (2E)-cis-6,7-epoxy-2-nonenal. ##STR00001##

A one-step process for hydroformylation of olefins can include iron-catalyzed hydroformylation of olefins. The process can result in the conversion of olefin in the range of 40 to 99%. A reaction mixture includes iron precursor, ligand, substrate and solvent. The reaction mixture can be pressurized with syngas (CO/H.sub.2) under constant stirring to obtain a desired aldehyde compound. The ligand can be a monodentate ligand of a phosphines or a phosphite, and the iron precursor can be [HFe(CO).sub.4].sup..

A one-step process for hydroformylation of olefins can include iron-catalyzed hydroformylation of olefins. The process can result in the conversion of olefin in the range of 40 to 99%. A reaction mixture includes iron precursor, ligand, substrate and solvent. The reaction mixture can be pressurized with syngas (CO/H.sub.2) under constant stirring to obtain a desired aldehyde compound. The ligand can be a monodentate ligand of a phosphines or a phosphite, and the iron precursor can be [HFe(CO).sub.4].sup..

A compound represented by a formula [1D] as shown below (wherein R.sup.1A, R.sup.1B, R.sup.2A, R.sup.2B, R.sup.3A and R.sup.3B represent a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted C.sub.1-6 alkyl group, and the like) is useful as an intermediate for producing a thionucleoside, and the production method of the present invention is useful as a method for producing a thionucleoside. ##STR00001##

A compound represented by a formula [1D] as shown below (wherein R.sup.1A, R.sup.1B, R.sup.2A, R.sup.2B, R.sup.3A and R.sup.3B represent a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted C.sub.1-6 alkyl group, and the like) is useful as an intermediate for producing a thionucleoside, and the production method of the present invention is useful as a method for producing a thionucleoside. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to new malodour-counteracting agents of formula (I) or stereoisomers thereof, particularly useful in blocking the olfactory perception of androstenone, Formula (I), wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7 and X have the same meaning as that defined in the claims. The present invention also relates to consumer products comprising said agents. The present invention also relates to the use of said agents to suppress or attenuate undesirable odour, as well as to methods to suppress or attenuate undesirable odour employing said compounds.

##STR00001##

The present disclosure relates to (a) carbidopa prodrugs, (b) pharmaceutical combinations and compositions comprising a carbidopa prodrug and/or an L-dopa prodrug, and (c) methods of treating Parkinson's disease and associated conditions comprising administering a carbidopa prodrug and an L-dopa prodrug to a subject with Parkinson's disease.

The present disclosure relates to (a) carbidopa prodrugs, (b) pharmaceutical combinations and compositions comprising a carbidopa prodrug and/or an L-dopa prodrug, and (c) methods of treating Parkinson's disease and associated conditions comprising administering a carbidopa prodrug and an L-dopa prodrug to a subject with Parkinson's disease.