A polarizing plate protective film which prevents deterioration of polarization performance in a high temperature, high humidity environment, and a polarizing plate and display device using the film including a compound represented by the following General Formula (I).

(X-L.sub.nz  General Formula (I)

X represents a formyl group, a boronic acid group, or a group represented by the following General Formula (I-B) or a group represented by the following General Formula (I-C), where L represents a single bond or divalent linking group, and n represents an integer equal to or greater than 2. When n is 2, Z represents a single bond or a divalent group, and when n≧3, Z represents an n-valent group.

##STR00001##

R.sup.A and R.sup.B represent an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, or an acyl group. R.sup.A and R.sup.B may be bonded to each other to form a ring. * represents a bond to be bonded to L.

The present invention relates to natural vanillin compositions comprising at least one compound chosen from 4-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)oxy)-3-methoxybenzaldehyde and 4-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-5-methoxybenzaldehyde. The invention also relates to a process for obtaining natural vanillin compositions according to the invention.

A compound is provided of Formula (I), wherein R.sup.1 represents a C.sub.3 to C.sub.20 hydrocarbon group derived from an alcohol of formula R.sup.1OH, from a formate of formula R.sup.1OCH═O, or a cinnamyl aldehyde of Formula (II) wherein a compound of Formula I is capable of releasing a compound, when oxidized, selected from the group consisting of a fragrant alcohol of formula R.sup.1OH, a fragrant formate ester of formula R.sup.1OCH=0 and aryl aldehyde of Formula (III), wherein R.sup.2 is, independently, hydrogen atom, hydroxyl group, optionally substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl group, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkoxy group, or -0(C=0)CH(CH3).sub.2 wherein any two of R.sup.2 may form an optionally substituted 5 or 6 membered ring. The compounds are useful for example as a precursor for the prolonged delivery or release of fragrant compounds such as fragrant alcohols, fragrant aldehydes or fragrant formates. ##STR00001##

A compound is provided of Formula (I), wherein R.sup.1 represents a C.sub.3 to C.sub.20 hydrocarbon group derived from an alcohol of formula R.sup.1OH, from a formate of formula R.sup.1OCH═O, or a cinnamyl aldehyde of Formula (II) wherein a compound of Formula I is capable of releasing a compound, when oxidized, selected from the group consisting of a fragrant alcohol of formula R.sup.1OH, a fragrant formate ester of formula R.sup.1OCH=0 and aryl aldehyde of Formula (III), wherein R.sup.2 is, independently, hydrogen atom, hydroxyl group, optionally substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl group, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkoxy group, or -0(C=0)CH(CH3).sub.2 wherein any two of R.sup.2 may form an optionally substituted 5 or 6 membered ring. The compounds are useful for example as a precursor for the prolonged delivery or release of fragrant compounds such as fragrant alcohols, fragrant aldehydes or fragrant formates. ##STR00001##

The invention provides a method for depolymerising a phenolic polymer, the method comprising reacting the phenolic polymer with dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) and a hydrogen halide. The phenolic polymer may be selected from the group consisting of lignin and derivatives thereof. The hydrogen halide may be HBr. The quantity of hydrogen halide per gram of phenolic polymer may be from 30 mmoles to 70 mmoles. The quantity of DMSO per gram of phenolic polymer may be from 0.1 mole to 1 mole. The reaction may be performed at a temperature of from 100 to 120° C. The reaction may be carried out for between 10 h and 14 h. The product of the reaction may comprise vanillin.

The invention provides a method for depolymerising a phenolic polymer, the method comprising reacting the phenolic polymer with dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) and a hydrogen halide. The phenolic polymer may be selected from the group consisting of lignin and derivatives thereof. The hydrogen halide may be HBr. The quantity of hydrogen halide per gram of phenolic polymer may be from 30 mmoles to 70 mmoles. The quantity of DMSO per gram of phenolic polymer may be from 0.1 mole to 1 mole. The reaction may be performed at a temperature of from 100 to 120° C. The reaction may be carried out for between 10 h and 14 h. The product of the reaction may comprise vanillin.

A compound having end groups each having a reactive group that are disposed at both ends respectively, and between the end groups, either or both of a first structure in which an aromatic cyclic group, an ether oxygen, a methylene group, an aromatic cyclic group, a methylene group, an ether oxygen and an aromatic cyclic group are bonded together in this order and a second structure in which an aromatic cyclic group, a methylene group, an ether oxygen, an aromatic cyclic group, an ether oxygen, a methylene group and an aromatic cyclic group are bonded together in this order.

The invention generally relates to methods of making substituted arenes via direct C—H, C—O, C—S, or C—N bond conversion and methods of synthesizing isotopically-labeled substituted arenes via direct carbon-halogen bond conversion. The invention also relates to anaerobic catalyst systems comprising an acridinium photocatalyst and a nucleophile selected from a halide, a cyanide, and an isotopically-labeled amine. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.

The invention generally relates to methods of making substituted arenes via direct C—H, C—O, C—S, or C—N bond conversion and methods of synthesizing isotopically-labeled substituted arenes via direct carbon-halogen bond conversion. The invention also relates to anaerobic catalyst systems comprising an acridinium photocatalyst and a nucleophile selected from a halide, a cyanide, and an isotopically-labeled amine. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.

The present disclosure relates to compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, and use of such compounds in methods of treatment or in medicaments for treatment of inflammatory diseases and certain neurological disorders that are related to inflammatory signaling processes, including but not limited to misfolded proteins.