A catalyst system for olefin polymerization contains a main catalyst and a cocatalyst. The cocatalyst contains a twelve-membered ring compound represented by formula (M). The catalyst system is suitable for preparing polypropylene products having high stereoregularity and low ash, and can regulate the melt index of the products within a wide range by adjusting the amount of hydrogenation. It is also suitable for copolymerization systems to improve the copolymerization yield.

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A catalyst system for olefin polymerization contains a main catalyst and a cocatalyst. The cocatalyst contains a twelve-membered ring compound represented by formula (M). The catalyst system is suitable for preparing polypropylene products having high stereoregularity and low ash, and can regulate the melt index of the products within a wide range by adjusting the amount of hydrogenation. It is also suitable for copolymerization systems to improve the copolymerization yield.

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Zwitterion ligand metal complexes and methods of aerobic oxidation using a zwitterion ligand metal complex are provided. The zwitterion ligand metal complexes can include a transition metal salt and a zwitterion ligand, which can comprise a non-conjugated amide anion-phosphonium cation, an amide anion-ammonium cation, or an iminium cation. The methods of aerobic oxidation can include combining the zwitterion ligand metal complex with an oxidizable compound and molecular oxygen to allow the isolation of an oxidized compound from the oxidizable compound.

Zwitterion ligand metal complexes and methods of aerobic oxidation using a zwitterion ligand metal complex are provided. The zwitterion ligand metal complexes can include a transition metal salt and a zwitterion ligand, which can comprise a non-conjugated amide anion-phosphonium cation, an amide anion-ammonium cation, or an iminium cation. The methods of aerobic oxidation can include combining the zwitterion ligand metal complex with an oxidizable compound and molecular oxygen to allow the isolation of an oxidized compound from the oxidizable compound.

Disclosed herein are processes for synthesizing 2-hydroxy-6-((2-(1-isopropyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-pyridin-3-yl)methoxy)benzaldehyde (also referred to herein as Compound (I)) and intermediates used in such processes. Compound (I) binds to hemoglobin and increases its oxygen affinity and hence can be useful for the treatment of diseases such as sickle cell disease.

Disclosed herein are processes for synthesizing 2-hydroxy-6-((2-(1-isopropyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-pyridin-3-yl)methoxy)benzaldehyde (also referred to herein as Compound (I)) and intermediates used in such processes. Compound (I) binds to hemoglobin and increases its oxygen affinity and hence can be useful for the treatment of diseases such as sickle cell disease.

A hydrophilic polymer comprising pendent groups of the formula I: Wherein: W is independently selected from —OH, —COOH, —SO.sub.3H, —OPO.sub.3H, —O—(C.sub.1-4alkyl), —O—(C.sub.1-4alkyl)OH, —O—(C.sub.1-4alkyl)R.sup.2, —O—(C.sub.2H.sub.5O).sub.qR.sup.1—(C═O)—O—C.sub.1-4alkyl and —O—(C═O)C.sub.1-4alkyl; or a group —BZ; wherein —OH, COOH, O—PO.sub.3H and SO.sub.3H maybe in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt; wherein: B is a bond, or a straight branched alkanediyl, oxyalkylene, alkylene oxaalkylene, or alkylene (oligooxalkylene) group, optionally containing one or more fluorine substituents; and Z is an ammonium, phosphonium, or sulphonium phosphate or phosphonate ester zwitterionic group; X is either a bond or a linking group having 1 to 8 carbons and optionally 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from O, N and S; G is a coupling group through which the group of the formula I is coupled to the polymer and is selected from ether, ester, amide, carbonate, carbamate, 1,3 dioxolone, and 1,3 dioxane; R.sup.1 is H or C.sub.1-4 alkyl; R.sup.2 is —COOH, —SO.sub.3H, or —OPO.sub.3H.sub.2 q is an integer from to 4; n is an integer from 1 to 4; p is an integer from 1 to 3; and n+p is from 2 to 5; and wherein —COOH, —OPO.sub.3H.sub.2 and —SO.sub.3H as well as phenolic —OH maybe in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.

Disclosed are an aromatic acetylene or aromatic ethylene compound, an intermediate, a preparation method, a pharmaceutical composition and a use thereof. The aromatic acetylene or aromatic ethylene compound has a significant inhibitory effect on PD-1 and PD-L1, and can effectively relieve or treat cancers and other related diseases. ##STR00001##

Disclosed are an aromatic acetylene or aromatic ethylene compound, an intermediate, a preparation method, a pharmaceutical composition and a use thereof. The aromatic acetylene or aromatic ethylene compound has a significant inhibitory effect on PD-1 and PD-L1, and can effectively relieve or treat cancers and other related diseases. ##STR00001##

A catalyst system for olefin polymerization contains a main catalyst and a cocatalyst. The cocatalyst contains a twelve-membered ring compound represented by formula (M). The catalyst system is suitable for preparing polypropylene products having high stereoregularity and low ash, and can regulate the melt index of the products within a wide range by adjusting the amount of hydrogenation. It is also suitable for copolymerization systems to improve the copolymerization yield. ##STR00001##