Processes for converting a hydrocarbon reactant into an alcohol compound and/or a carbonyl compound are disclosed in which the hydrocarbon reactant and either a supported chromium (VI) catalyst or a supported chromium (II) catalyst are contacted, optionally with UV-visible light irradiation, followed by exposure to an oxidizing atmosphere and then hydrolysis to form a reaction product containing the alcohol compound and/or the carbonyl compound. The presence of oxygen significant increases the amount of alcohol/carbonyl product formed, as well as the formation of oxygenated dimers and trimers of certain hydrocarbon reactants.

The invention relates to an apparatus (1) for producing pseudoionone and hydroxy pseudoionone. It suggests an apparatus (1) comprising first and second substantially vertically oriented reactor chambers oriented such that components flow through the first and second reactor chambers in different directions, wherein the first reactor chamber (13) is configured to receive a first component feed (C1) containing a first aqueous mixture through an inlet (15), and to produce a second aqueous mixture, and wherein the apparatus (1) comprises a mixing device (17) positioned downstream of the first component feed inlet (15) and configured to add a second component feed (C2) to the first component feed (C1) when the second aqueous mixture has formed, and the second reactor chamber (23) is configured to receive the first and second component feeds unified in the mixing device (17) from the first reactor chamber (13) and to produce a third aqueous mixture from the first and second aqueous mixtures. The invention further suggests a method and a use for producing pseudoionone and hydroxy pseudoionone.

The invention relates to an apparatus (1) for producing pseudoionone and hydroxy pseudoionone. It suggests an apparatus (1) comprising first and second substantially vertically oriented reactor chambers oriented such that components flow through the first and second reactor chambers in different directions, wherein the first reactor chamber (13) is configured to receive a first component feed (C1) containing a first aqueous mixture through an inlet (15), and to produce a second aqueous mixture, and wherein the apparatus (1) comprises a mixing device (17) positioned downstream of the first component feed inlet (15) and configured to add a second component feed (C2) to the first component feed (C1) when the second aqueous mixture has formed, and the second reactor chamber (23) is configured to receive the first and second component feeds unified in the mixing device (17) from the first reactor chamber (13) and to produce a third aqueous mixture from the first and second aqueous mixtures. The invention further suggests a method and a use for producing pseudoionone and hydroxy pseudoionone.

The present disclosure provides ketone waxes, methods of forming ketone waxes, and compositions comprising ketone waxes. In at least one embodiment, a ketone wax is provided. The ketone wax includes about 50 wt % or greater C.sub.40-C.sub.90 ketone content; about 50 wt % or greater of the ketone wax has a boiling point of 961 F. or greater; and a paraffins content of less than about 10 wt %, as determined by 2-dimensional gas chromatography. In at least one embodiment, a method for forming a C.sub.40-C.sub.90 ketone wax includes exposing a feed stock to a basic catalyst under conditions suitable for coupling unsaturated carbon chains from the feed to form a composition including a ketone wax, oligomerizing the ketone wax to form a ketone wax having C.sub.40-C.sub.90 ketone wax, and distilling and/or extracting the oligomerized ketone wax to provide a C.sub.40-C.sub.90 ketone wax of the present disclosure.

The present disclosure provides ketone waxes, methods of forming ketone waxes, and compositions comprising ketone waxes. In at least one embodiment, a ketone wax is provided. The ketone wax includes about 50 wt % or greater C.sub.40-C.sub.90 ketone content; about 50 wt % or greater of the ketone wax has a boiling point of 961 F. or greater; and a paraffins content of less than about 10 wt %, as determined by 2-dimensional gas chromatography. In at least one embodiment, a method for forming a C.sub.40-C.sub.90 ketone wax includes exposing a feed stock to a basic catalyst under conditions suitable for coupling unsaturated carbon chains from the feed to form a composition including a ketone wax, oligomerizing the ketone wax to form a ketone wax having C.sub.40-C.sub.90 ketone wax, and distilling and/or extracting the oligomerized ketone wax to provide a C.sub.40-C.sub.90 ketone wax of the present disclosure.

Processes for converting a hydrocarbon reactant into an alcohol compound and/or a carbonyl compound are disclosed in which the hydrocarbon reactant and either a supported chromium (VI) catalyst or a supported chromium (II) catalyst are contacted, optionally with UV-visible light irradiation, followed by exposure to an oxidizing atmosphere and then hydrolysis to form a reaction product containing the alcohol compound and/or the carbonyl compound. The presence of oxygen significant increases the amount of alcohol/carbonyl product formed, as well as the formation of oxygenated dimers and trimers of certain hydrocarbon reactants.

Processes for converting a hydrocarbon reactant into an alcohol compound and/or a carbonyl compound are disclosed in which the hydrocarbon reactant and either a supported chromium (VI) catalyst or a supported chromium (II) catalyst are contacted, optionally with UV-visible light irradiation, followed by exposure to an oxidizing atmosphere and then hydrolysis to form a reaction product containing the alcohol compound and/or the carbonyl compound. The presence of oxygen significant increases the amount of alcohol/carbonyl product formed, as well as the formation of oxygenated dimers and trimers of certain hydrocarbon reactants.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing (Z)-7-tetradecen-2-one of the following formula (5), the process comprising the steps of converting a (Z)-1-halo-4-undecene compound (1) of the following general formula (1), wherein X.sup.1 represents a halogen atom, into a nucleophilic reagent, (Z)-4-undecenyl compound, of the following general formula (2), wherein M.sup.1 represents Li or MgZ.sup.1, and Z.sup.1 represents a halogen atom or a (4Z)-4-undecenyl group, subjecting the nucleophilic reagent, (Z)-4-undecenyl compound (2), to an addition reaction with propylene oxide of the following formula (3) to obtain (Z)-7-tetradecen-2-ol of the following formula (4) and oxidizing (Z)-7-tetradecen-2-ol (4) thus obtained to form (Z)-7-tetradecen-2-one (5).

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a process for preparing (Z)-7-tetradecen-2-one of the following formula (5), the process comprising the steps of converting a (Z)-1-halo-4-undecene compound (1) of the following general formula (1), wherein X.sup.1 represents a halogen atom, into a nucleophilic reagent, (Z)-4-undecenyl compound, of the following general formula (2), wherein M.sup.1 represents Li or MgZ.sup.1, and Z.sup.1 represents a halogen atom or a (4Z)-4-undecenyl group, subjecting the nucleophilic reagent, (Z)-4-undecenyl compound (2), to an addition reaction with propylene oxide of the following formula (3) to obtain (Z)-7-tetradecen-2-ol of the following formula (4) and oxidizing (Z)-7-tetradecen-2-ol (4) thus obtained to form (Z)-7-tetradecen-2-one (5).

##STR00001##

Provided herein are methods for producing cyclic and acyclic ketones from trimerization and dimerization of alkyl ketones, including for example methyl ketones. Such cyclic and acyclic ketones may be suitable for use as fuel and lubricant precursors, and may be hydrodeoxygenated to form their corresponding cycloalkanes and alkanes. Such cycloalkanes and alkanes may be suitable for use as fuels, including jet fuels, and lubricants.