Herbicides, systems, and methods for inhibiting germination of a root parasitic plant are provided. In particular, the herbicide includes an active compound represented by Formula I. In this regard, the active compound is selected to bind to an active site of strigolactone receptors in seeds of the root parasitic plant.

The present invention relates to novel benzylideneacetone derivatives or uses thereof, more specifically, the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating, or food composition for ameliorating a cancer or a bone disease comprising a compound defined by Formula 1 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient.

Since compounds according to the present invention exhibit strong inhibitory activity on proliferation and differentiation of osteoclast, and activity on proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast, it can be usefully used to develop safe and effective anti-cancer agents, and therapeutic agents for preventing and treating or foods for ameliorating bone diseases including osteoporosis, and the like.

The present invention relates to novel benzylideneacetone derivatives or uses thereof, more specifically, the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating, or food composition for ameliorating a cancer or a bone disease comprising a compound defined by Formula 1 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient.

Since compounds according to the present invention exhibit strong inhibitory activity on proliferation and differentiation of osteoclast, and activity on proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast, it can be usefully used to develop safe and effective anti-cancer agents, and therapeutic agents for preventing and treating or foods for ameliorating bone diseases including osteoporosis, and the like.

The present embodiments are directed to compositions of quinones and/or quinols, such as, but not limited to, ubiquinone and/or ubiquinol, vitamin E quinone and/or vitamin E quinol, vitamin K quinone and/or vitamin K quinol, menaquinones and/or menaquinols, and pyrroloquinoline quinone and/or pyrroloquinoline quinol, and methods for preparations and use thereof. The present embodiments are also directed to compositions of reduced forms of curcuminoid and methods for preparations and use thereof.

The present embodiments are directed to compositions of quinones and/or quinols, such as, but not limited to, ubiquinone and/or ubiquinol, vitamin E quinone and/or vitamin E quinol, vitamin K quinone and/or vitamin K quinol, menaquinones and/or menaquinols, and pyrroloquinoline quinone and/or pyrroloquinoline quinol, and methods for preparations and use thereof. The present embodiments are also directed to compositions of reduced forms of curcuminoid and methods for preparations and use thereof.

This invention provides a compound having the structure

##STR00001##

wherein , , X, Y, and R.sub.1-R.sub.11 are defined herein. This invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the above compounds, a method of inhibiting the activity and/or levels of a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), a method of inhibiting the production of a cytokine in a population of cells, a method of inhibiting the production of a growth factor in a population of cells, and a method of inhibiting NF-B activation in a population of cells.

This invention provides a compound having the structure

##STR00001##

wherein , , X, Y, and R.sub.1-R.sub.11 are defined herein. This invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the above compounds, a method of inhibiting the activity and/or levels of a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), a method of inhibiting the production of a cytokine in a population of cells, a method of inhibiting the production of a growth factor in a population of cells, and a method of inhibiting NF-B activation in a population of cells.

An example method for extracting phytochemical oil from plant parts includes freezing plant parts from at least one of Cannabis sativa, Curcuma longa, Panax ginseng, and Panax quinquefolius. The frozen plant parts are reduced to a plant powder, which is suspended in an aqueous buffer. The aqueous buffer containing the suspended plant powder is incubated with at least one pectinase and at least one cellulase. An aqueous phase of the incubated aqueous buffer is evaporated through steam heating to obtain a steam dried product. Phytochemical oil, which includes at least one of cannabinoids, curcuminoids, and ginsenosides, is extracted from the steam dried product.

An example method for extracting phytochemical oil from plant parts includes freezing plant parts from at least one of Cannabis sativa, Curcuma longa, Panax ginseng, and Panax quinquefolius. The frozen plant parts are reduced to a plant powder, which is suspended in an aqueous buffer. The aqueous buffer containing the suspended plant powder is incubated with at least one pectinase and at least one cellulase. An aqueous phase of the incubated aqueous buffer is evaporated through steam heating to obtain a steam dried product. Phytochemical oil, which includes at least one of cannabinoids, curcuminoids, and ginsenosides, is extracted from the steam dried product.

Novel CUR- and CUR-BF.sub.2 compounds as well as novel bis and mono-NSAID/CUR-BF.sub.2 and NSAID/CUR hybrids exhibiting anti-tumor properties are presented. CUR compounds bearing fluorinated moieties with selective fluorine introduction into the -carbonyl moiety as well as CUR-BF.sub.2 adducts and CURs with diverse substitution patterns in the phenyl rings including fluorinated substituents (SCF.sub.3, OCF.sub.3, and F) and/or bulky activating groups (OMe, OAc, and OBz) are presented. Fluorinated aryl-pyrazoles and isoxazoles as well as novel CUR and CUR-BF.sub.2 compounds with monocyclic aromatic and bicyclic-heteroaromatic lateral rings, bearing fluorine(s), OCF.sub.3, CF.sub.3, and SCF.sub.3 groups, and their alpha-carbonyl-fluorinated analogs, as well as their pyrazole and isoxazole derivatives are presented. The CUR-pyrazoles embody analogs that are fluorinated at the phenyl-pyrazole moiety. The hybrids, compounds, and their derivatives exhibited exceptional cytotoxic and anti-proliferative activity against several cancer cell-lines. The hybrid NSAID/CUR compounds also exhibited exceptional anti-inflammatory activity over NSAID or curcumin alone.