This invention relates to molecular catalysts and chemical reactions utilizing the same, and particularly to molecular catalysts for efficient catalytic oxidation of hydrocarbons, such as hydrocarbons from natural gas. The molecular catalytic platform provided herein is capable of the facile oxidation of hydrocarbons, for example, under ambient conditions such as near room temperature and atmospheric pressure.

This invention relates to molecular catalysts and chemical reactions utilizing the same, and particularly to molecular catalysts for efficient catalytic oxidation of hydrocarbons, such as hydrocarbons from natural gas. The molecular catalytic platform provided herein is capable of the facile oxidation of hydrocarbons, for example, under ambient conditions such as near room temperature and atmospheric pressure.

This invention relates to molecular catalysts and chemical reactions utilizing the same, and particularly to molecular catalysts for efficient catalytic oxidation of hydrocarbons, such as hydrocarbons from natural gas. The molecular catalytic platform provided herein is capable of the facile oxidation of hydrocarbons, for example, under ambient conditions such as near room temperature and atmospheric pressure.

A hydrocarbon conversion process is described. The process includes contacting in a reactor an inert gas with one or more catalyst compositions suitable for methylation of toluene and hydrogenation of phenol; contacting a reducing agent with the one or more catalyst compositions under conditions suitable for reducing metal oxide content of the catalyst composition; contacting at least part of toluene and/or benzene-containing with a oxygenate in the presence of the one or more catalyst compositions and under conditions effective to convert toluene to xylenes and produce a reactor effluent stream comprising para-xylene and having a lower concentration of phenol than the toluene-containing stream; separating at least one para-xylene-enriched stream from the reactor effluent stream; and separating from the at least one para-xylene enriched stream at least one toluene-enriched stream and at least one para-xylene-product stream. An apparatus for carrying out such a process is also described.

A hydrocarbon conversion process is described. The process includes contacting in a reactor an inert gas with one or more catalyst compositions suitable for methylation of toluene and hydrogenation of phenol; contacting a reducing agent with the one or more catalyst compositions under conditions suitable for reducing metal oxide content of the catalyst composition; contacting at least part of toluene and/or benzene-containing with a oxygenate in the presence of the one or more catalyst compositions and under conditions effective to convert toluene to xylenes and produce a reactor effluent stream comprising para-xylene and having a lower concentration of phenol than the toluene-containing stream; separating at least one para-xylene-enriched stream from the reactor effluent stream; and separating from the at least one para-xylene enriched stream at least one toluene-enriched stream and at least one para-xylene-product stream. An apparatus for carrying out such a process is also described.

The various aspects presented herein relate to the perfumery industry. More particularly, the various aspects presented herein relate to malodor counteracting compositions and/or ingredients, methods for counteracting malodors, as well as to the perfumed articles or perfuming compositions comprising as an active ingredient, at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: a compound of Formula (I), a compound of Formula (II), a compound of Formula (III), a compound of Formula (IV), and mixtures thereof.

The various aspects presented herein relate to the perfumery industry. More particularly, the various aspects presented herein relate to malodor counteracting compositions and/or ingredients, methods for counteracting malodors, as well as to the perfumed articles or perfuming compositions comprising as an active ingredient, at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: a compound of Formula (I), a compound of Formula (II), a compound of Formula (III), a compound of Formula (IV), and mixtures thereof.

The various aspects presented herein relate to the perfumery industry. More particularly, the various aspects presented herein relate to malodor counteracting compositions and/or ingredients, methods for counteracting malodors, as well as to the perfumed articles or perfuming compositions comprising as an active ingredient, at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: a compound of Formula (I), a compound of Formula (II), a compound of Formula (III), a compound of Formula (IV), and mixtures thereof.

Provided is an initiator mixture including a multi-aromatic ring-containing compound, an ionic compound including iodine, an ionic compound including boron, a compound including a norbornene moiety which includes an oxo group (O), and a tertiary amine compound including an aromatic moiety, an ester group, and an amine group.

Provided is an initiator mixture including a multi-aromatic ring-containing compound, an ionic compound including iodine, an ionic compound including boron, a compound including a norbornene moiety which includes an oxo group (O), and a tertiary amine compound including an aromatic moiety, an ester group, and an amine group.