Methods of preparing Pt/SrTiO.sub.3 photocatalysts comprising strontium titanate nanoparticles and platinum doped on a surface of the strontium titanate nanoparticles are described. Processes of oxidizing cycloalkanes to cycloalkanols and/or cycloalkanones by employing the Pt/SrTiO.sub.3 photocatalysts are specified. A method for recycling the photocatalyst is also provided.

A process for preparing a ketone or carboxylic acid by catalytic oxidation of a secondary or primary alcohol comprises adding the secondary or primary alcohol as a raw material and N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) combined with phthalocyanine, serving as a catalytic system, into an amount of an organic solvent into which oxygen gas is then introduced, to proceed with an oxidation reaction to give the ketone or carboxylic acid. The oxygen gas is employed as the source of an oxidant. The oxidation reaction may be carried out under normal pressure at 60 to 120 C. for 9 to 36 hours. The process can produce a high yield of ketone or carboxylic acid. Compared with conventional technology, the process has several advantages, such as the green oxidant, the cheap catalyst which can also be easily prepared and separated, and mild reaction conditions, and it is also an environmentally friendly process for alcohol oxidation.

A process for preparing a ketone or carboxylic acid by catalytic oxidation of a secondary or primary alcohol comprises adding the secondary or primary alcohol as a raw material and N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) combined with phthalocyanine, serving as a catalytic system, into an amount of an organic solvent into which oxygen gas is then introduced, to proceed with an oxidation reaction to give the ketone or carboxylic acid. The oxygen gas is employed as the source of an oxidant. The oxidation reaction may be carried out under normal pressure at 60 to 120 C. for 9 to 36 hours. The process can produce a high yield of ketone or carboxylic acid. Compared with conventional technology, the process has several advantages, such as the green oxidant, the cheap catalyst which can also be easily prepared and separated, and mild reaction conditions, and it is also an environmentally friendly process for alcohol oxidation.

Chiral polyvinylpyrrolidinone (CSPVP), complexes of CSPVP with a core species, such as a metallic nanocluster catalyst, and enantioselective oxidation reactions utilizing such complexes are disclosed. The CSPVP complexes can be used in asymmetric oxidation of diols, enantioselective oxidation of alkenes, and carbon-carbon bond forming reactions, for example. The CSPVP can also be complexed with biomolecules such as proteins, DNA, and RNA, and used as nanocarriers for siRNA or dsRNA delivery.

Chiral polyvinylpyrrolidinone (CSPVP), complexes of CSPVP with a core species, such as a metallic nanocluster catalyst, and enantioselective oxidation reactions utilizing such complexes are disclosed. The CSPVP complexes can be used in asymmetric oxidation of diols, enantioselective oxidation of alkenes, and carbon-carbon bond forming reactions, for example. The CSPVP can also be complexed with biomolecules such as proteins, DNA, and RNA, and used as nanocarriers for siRNA or dsRNA delivery.

The present disclosure is directed to methods of purifying solvents. The purified solvents can be used for cleaning a semiconductor substrate in a multistep semiconductor manufacturing process.

The present disclosure is directed to methods of purifying solvents. The purified solvents can be used for cleaning a semiconductor substrate in a multistep semiconductor manufacturing process.

Disclosed are processes for abating 3-cyclohexenone from a feed mixture comprising cyclohexylbenzene, cyclohexanone, phenol, and 3-cyclohexenone and cyclohexanone, comprising feeding the feed mixture to a first distillation column and a hydrogenating a fraction from in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst under hydrogenation conditions. Hydrogenation can be carried out in a hydrogenation reactor separate from the first distillation column or in a hydrogenation zone disposed inside the first distillation column.

Disclosed are processes for abating 3-cyclohexenone from a feed mixture comprising cyclohexylbenzene, cyclohexanone, phenol, and 3-cyclohexenone and cyclohexanone, comprising feeding the feed mixture to a first distillation column and a hydrogenating a fraction from in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst under hydrogenation conditions. Hydrogenation can be carried out in a hydrogenation reactor separate from the first distillation column or in a hydrogenation zone disposed inside the first distillation column.

The present invention provides process for preparation of molindone (I) comprising: a) reacting compound with cyclohexane-1,3-dione to form 2-(2-oxopentan-3-yl)cyclohexane-1,3-dione wherein X is Cl, Br or I, b) cyclizing 2-(2-oxopentan-3-yl)cyclohexane-1,3-dione to 2-methyl-3-ethyl-4-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindole, c) reacting 2-methyl-3-ethyl-4-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindole with morpholine and formaldehyde to give molindone (I), and d) optionally converting molindone (I) to its salt. The present invention further provides process for preparation of compound comprising: a) reacting compound with ethyl halide and another halide source to form compound wherein R is alkyl and X is Cl, Br or I; b) converting compound to compound.