The present invention relates to the improved synthesis of chlorinated acetophenones (CAP) of formula (I). Particularly, the invention shows a way how to reduce the use of chlorinated solvents and the formation of chlorinated volatile by-products in the synthesis.

The present invention relates to the improved synthesis of chlorinated acetophenones (CAP) of formula (I). Particularly, the invention shows a way how to reduce the use of chlorinated solvents and the formation of chlorinated volatile by-products in the synthesis.

Methods of preparing fluorinated compounds by carboxylative fluorination using fluoride are contained herein. Fluorinated compounds are provided. Methods of using fluorinated compounds are contained herein.

Methods of preparing fluorinated compounds by carboxylative fluorination using fluoride are contained herein. Fluorinated compounds are provided. Methods of using fluorinated compounds are contained herein.

The invention discloses a method for preparation of alkylated, fluoro alkylated, chloro alkylated and fluorochloro alkylated compounds by a heterogeneous Co-catalysed alkylation or fluoro, chloro and fluorochloro alkylation with alkyl halides, fluoro alkyl halides, chloro alkyl halides or fluorochloro alkyl halides respectively.

The invention discloses a method for preparation of alkylated, fluoro alkylated, chloro alkylated and fluorochloro alkylated compounds by a heterogeneous Co-catalysed alkylation or fluoro, chloro and fluorochloro alkylation with alkyl halides, fluoro alkyl halides, chloro alkyl halides or fluorochloro alkyl halides respectively.

Zwitterion ligand metal complexes and methods of aerobic oxidation using a zwitterion ligand metal complex are provided. The zwitterion ligand metal complexes can include a transition metal salt and a zwitterion ligand, which can comprise a non-conjugated amide anion-phosphonium cation, an amide anion-ammonium cation, or an iminium cation. The methods of aerobic oxidation can include combining the zwitterion ligand metal complex with an oxidizable compound and molecular oxygen to allow the isolation of an oxidized compound from the oxidizable compound.

Zwitterion ligand metal complexes and methods of aerobic oxidation using a zwitterion ligand metal complex are provided. The zwitterion ligand metal complexes can include a transition metal salt and a zwitterion ligand, which can comprise a non-conjugated amide anion-phosphonium cation, an amide anion-ammonium cation, or an iminium cation. The methods of aerobic oxidation can include combining the zwitterion ligand metal complex with an oxidizable compound and molecular oxygen to allow the isolation of an oxidized compound from the oxidizable compound.

Described herein are labeling agents, specifically [.sup.11C]fluoroform, [.sup.11C]difluoromethane, [.sup.11C]fluoromethyl iodide, [.sup.11C]fluoromethyl bromide, [.sup.11C]fluoromethyl chloride, [.sup.11C]fluoromethyl trifluoromethansulfonate, [.sup.11C]difluoromethyl iodide, [.sup.11C]difluoromethyl bromide, [.sup.11C]difluoromethyl chloride, [.sup.11C]difluoromethyl trifluoromethansulfonate, [.sup.11C]trifluoromethyl iodide, [.sup.11C]trifluoromethyl bromide, [.sup.11C]trifluoromethyl chloride, [.sup.11C]trifluoromethyl trifluoromethansulfonate, [.sup.18]fluoroform, [.sup.18F]difluoromethane, [.sup.18F]difluoromethyl bromide or [.sup.18F]trifluoromethyl bromide. Also included are methods of labeling precursors to provide labeled fluoroalkanes and imaging methods.

Described herein are labeling agents, specifically [.sup.11C]fluoroform, [.sup.11C]difluoromethane, [.sup.11C]fluoromethyl iodide, [.sup.11C]fluoromethyl bromide, [.sup.11C]fluoromethyl chloride, [.sup.11C]fluoromethyl trifluoromethansulfonate, [.sup.11C]difluoromethyl iodide, [.sup.11C]difluoromethyl bromide, [.sup.11C]difluoromethyl chloride, [.sup.11C]difluoromethyl trifluoromethansulfonate, [.sup.11C]trifluoromethyl iodide, [.sup.11C]trifluoromethyl bromide, [.sup.11C]trifluoromethyl chloride, [.sup.11C]trifluoromethyl trifluoromethansulfonate, [.sup.18]fluoroform, [.sup.18F]difluoromethane, [.sup.18F]difluoromethyl bromide or [.sup.18F]trifluoromethyl bromide. Also included are methods of labeling precursors to provide labeled fluoroalkanes and imaging methods.