A nanomaterial includes a ZnO nanocrystal and a surface ligand bonded to the ZnO nanocrystal. The surface ligand has a structure of

##STR00001##

R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are independently selected from at least one of an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a hydroxyalkoxy group, a hydroxyl group, or a hydrogen atom. R.sup.4 is selected from a hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 5 to 60. A carbon number of the alkyl group ranges from 1 to 5. A carbon number of the alkoxy group ranges from 1 to 5. A carbon number of the hydroxyalkoxy group ranges from 1 to 5.

A nanomaterial includes a ZnO nanocrystal and a surface ligand bonded to the ZnO nanocrystal. The surface ligand has a structure of

##STR00001##

R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are independently selected from at least one of an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a hydroxyalkoxy group, a hydroxyl group, or a hydrogen atom. R.sup.4 is selected from a hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 5 to 60. A carbon number of the alkyl group ranges from 1 to 5. A carbon number of the alkoxy group ranges from 1 to 5. A carbon number of the hydroxyalkoxy group ranges from 1 to 5.

Disclosed herein are methods of treating or suppressing a disorder selected from the group consisting of α-synucleinopathies, tauopathies, ALS, traumatic brain injury, and ischemic-reperfusion related injuries.ury, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the formula: or the hydroquinone form thereof; or a solvate or hydrate thereof.

##STR00001##

Disclosed herein are methods of treating or suppressing a disorder selected from the group consisting of α-synucleinopathies, tauopathies, ALS, traumatic brain injury, and ischemic-reperfusion related injuries.ury, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the formula: or the hydroquinone form thereof; or a solvate or hydrate thereof.

##STR00001##

Zwitterion ligand metal complexes and methods of aerobic oxidation using a zwitterion ligand metal complex are provided. The zwitterion ligand metal complexes can include a transition metal salt and a zwitterion ligand, which can comprise a non-conjugated amide anion-phosphonium cation, an amide anion-ammonium cation, or an iminium cation. The methods of aerobic oxidation can include combining the zwitterion ligand metal complex with an oxidizable compound and molecular oxygen to allow the isolation of an oxidized compound from the oxidizable compound.

Zwitterion ligand metal complexes and methods of aerobic oxidation using a zwitterion ligand metal complex are provided. The zwitterion ligand metal complexes can include a transition metal salt and a zwitterion ligand, which can comprise a non-conjugated amide anion-phosphonium cation, an amide anion-ammonium cation, or an iminium cation. The methods of aerobic oxidation can include combining the zwitterion ligand metal complex with an oxidizable compound and molecular oxygen to allow the isolation of an oxidized compound from the oxidizable compound.

Disclosed herein are methods of treating or suppressing a disorder selected from the group consisting of α-synucleinopathies, tauopathies, ALS, traumatic brain injury, and ischemic-reperfusion related injuries.ury, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the formula: or the hydroquinone form thereof; or a solvate or hydrate thereof.

Disclosed herein are methods of treating or suppressing a disorder selected from the group consisting of α-synucleinopathies, tauopathies, ALS, traumatic brain injury, and ischemic-reperfusion related injuries.ury, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the formula: or the hydroquinone form thereof; or a solvate or hydrate thereof.

Disclosed herein are methods of treating or suppressing a disorder selected from the group consisting of α-synucleinopathies, tauopathies, ALS, traumatic brain injury, and ischemic-reperfusion related injuries.ury, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the formula: or the hydroquinone form thereof; or a solvate or hydrate thereof.

##STR00001##

Disclosed herein are methods of treating or suppressing a disorder selected from the group consisting of α-synucleinopathies, tauopathies, ALS, traumatic brain injury, and ischemic-reperfusion related injuries.ury, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the formula: or the hydroquinone form thereof; or a solvate or hydrate thereof.

##STR00001##