Disclosed is a process for the oxidation of at least one chroman (C1) in a solvent mixture comprising at least two solvents or in a C-bearing solvent, with a gaseous compound comprising, essentially consisting of, or consisting of oxygen in the presence of a copper catalyst, said copper catalyst exhibiting the oxidation state (+1) or (+2). A further part of the disclosure is a composition comprising at least one chroman (C1) and/or at least one quinone (C30), a solvent mixture comprising at least two solvents or a C-bearing solvent, a copper catalyst, said copper catalyst exhibiting the oxidation state (+1) or (+2) and a gaseous compound comprising, essentially consisting or consisting of oxygen. A quinone preparation and a process of making same is also part of the invention.

The present application relates to a method for extracting coenzyme Q10 and a phospholipid from a coenzyme Q10 fermentation bacterium powder. The method is characterized in that the fermentation bacterium powder of a coenzyme Q10 production strain is subjected to extraction with a mixed solvent of which the three-dimensional Hansen solubility parameter is between 21 and 23 (J/cm.sup.3).sup.1/2 and the hydrogen bonding solubility parameter thereof is between 10 and 12 (J/cm.sup.3).sup.1/2. The present invention can efficiently extract two products, namely coenzyme Q10 and a phospholipid, from the coenzyme Q10 fermentation bacterium powder; the process thereof is highly operable, easy to be industrialized, and can provide a product with high purity and yield, having great economic benefit.

The present application relates to a method for extracting coenzyme Q10 and a phospholipid from a coenzyme Q10 fermentation bacterium powder. The method is characterized in that the fermentation bacterium powder of a coenzyme Q10 production strain is subjected to extraction with a mixed solvent of which the three-dimensional Hansen solubility parameter is between 21 and 23 (J/cm.sup.3).sup.1/2 and the hydrogen bonding solubility parameter thereof is between 10 and 12 (J/cm.sup.3).sup.1/2. The present invention can efficiently extract two products, namely coenzyme Q10 and a phospholipid, from the coenzyme Q10 fermentation bacterium powder; the process thereof is highly operable, easy to be industrialized, and can provide a product with high purity and yield, having great economic benefit.

The present invention in one embodiment provides a method of treating Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy, comprising administering to a subject in need of such treatment a compound of Formula I: ##STR00001##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the variables shown in Formula I are as defined in the specification.

The present invention in one embodiment provides a method of treating Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy, comprising administering to a subject in need of such treatment a compound of Formula I: ##STR00001##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the variables shown in Formula I are as defined in the specification.

Disclosed herein are compounds and methods of using such compounds for treating or suppressing oxidative stress disorders, including mitochondrial disorders, impaired energy processing disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and diseases of aging, or for modulating one or more energy biomarkers, normalizing one or more energy biomarkers, or enhancing one or more energy biomarkers, wherein the compounds are tocopherol quinone derivatives. Further disclosed are compounds, compositions, and methods for treatment of, or prophylaxis against, radiation exposure.

Disclosed herein are compounds and methods of using such compounds for treating or suppressing oxidative stress disorders, including mitochondrial disorders, impaired energy processing disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and diseases of aging, or for modulating one or more energy biomarkers, normalizing one or more energy biomarkers, or enhancing one or more energy biomarkers, wherein the compounds are tocopherol quinone derivatives. Further disclosed are compounds, compositions, and methods for treatment of, or prophylaxis against, radiation exposure.

Disclosed herein are compounds and methods of using such compounds for treating or suppressing oxidative stress disorders, including mitochondrial disorders, impaired energy processing disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and diseases of aging, or for modulating one or more energy biomarkers, normalizing one or more energy biomarkers, or enhancing one or more energy biomarkers, wherein the compounds are tocopherol quinone derivatives. Further disclosed are compounds, compositions, and methods for treatment of, or prophylaxis against, radiation exposure.

Disclosed herein are compounds and methods of using such compounds for treating or suppressing oxidative stress disorders, including mitochondrial disorders, impaired energy processing disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and diseases of aging, or for modulating one or more energy biomarkers, normalizing one or more energy biomarkers, or enhancing one or more energy biomarkers, wherein the compounds are tocopherol quinone derivatives. Further disclosed are compounds, compositions, and methods for treatment of, or prophylaxis against, radiation exposure.

Described are methods and compositions for inhibiting polymerization of a monomer (e.g., styrene) composition using a hydroxylated quinone antipolymerant. The hydroxylated quinone antipolymerant can be used with little or no nitroxyl group containing antipolymerant yet still provide excellent antipolymerant activity in a monomer-containing composition.