The present invention is directed to an energy-efficient and environmentally friendly process for the production of chemical target compounds from cellulosic material. In a further aspect, the present invention is directed to a system for conducting the process according to the inventive process.

The present invention is directed to an energy-efficient and environmentally friendly process for the production of chemical target compounds from cellulosic material. In a further aspect, the present invention is directed to a system for conducting the process according to the inventive process.

The present invention disclosed a single step process for the conversion of cyclohexane to adipic acid by using manganese oxide, tungsten oxide or Mn—WOx nano structure having improved yield and selectivity.

A catalyst for catalytic oxidation of furfural to prepare maleic acid is composed of a carbon nitride doped with a potassium salt. A method for preparing the catalyst includes mixing the potassium salt, a precursor of the carbon nitride and a solvent to obtain a mixture, and drying and calcining the mixture to obtain the catalyst. A use of the catalyst in catalytic oxidation of furfural to prepare maleic acid, wherein the maleic acid is prepared by the step of oxidizing furfural in a solvent in the presence of the catalyst. The invention has the advantages that by using the method provided by the invention to prepare maleic acid, the conversion rate of furfural can be 99% or more and the yield of maleic acid can be up to 70.40%.

This invention relates to a method for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into ethyl esters of carboxylic acids. Said method consists of treating the biomass material with an oxidizing agent that is incorporated in an solution comprising one or more acids, one or more alcohols and water, and subsequently performing a catalytic reaction at a higher temperature using the same acidic solution into which a larger volume of alcohol is added, in such a way that the catalytic conversion occurs in a medium with a much higher concentration of alcohol, i.e. with a much higher alcohol-to-water wt ratio. Such a method results in relatively high yields of ethyl esters, such as ethyl esters of formic, acetic, and levulinic acids, while producing a low yield of dialkyl ethers, which are unwanted by-products. The concentration of the oxidizing agent in the pre-treatment step is preferably higher than 6.0 wt %. The oxidizing agent is preferably a Fenton or Fenton-type reagent, and most preferably hydrogen peroxide activated by Fe (II), and/or Ti (IV) ions. The alcohol is preferably ethanol, and when ethanol is used, diethyl ether is formed as the unwanted dialkyl ether by-product. Preferably, the biomass material is pelleted before treatment.

This invention relates to a method for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into ethyl esters of carboxylic acids. Said method consists of treating the biomass material with an oxidizing agent that is incorporated in an solution comprising one or more acids, one or more alcohols and water, and subsequently performing a catalytic reaction at a higher temperature using the same acidic solution into which a larger volume of alcohol is added, in such a way that the catalytic conversion occurs in a medium with a much higher concentration of alcohol, i.e. with a much higher alcohol-to-water wt ratio. Such a method results in relatively high yields of ethyl esters, such as ethyl esters of formic, acetic, and levulinic acids, while producing a low yield of dialkyl ethers, which are unwanted by-products. The concentration of the oxidizing agent in the pre-treatment step is preferably higher than 6.0 wt %. The oxidizing agent is preferably a Fenton or Fenton-type reagent, and most preferably hydrogen peroxide activated by Fe (II), and/or Ti (IV) ions. The alcohol is preferably ethanol, and when ethanol is used, diethyl ether is formed as the unwanted dialkyl ether by-product. Preferably, the biomass material is pelleted before treatment.

The present invention concerns a method of oxidizing a cycloalkane to form a product mixture containing a corresponding alcohol and ketone, said method comprising contacting the cycloalkane with a hydroperoxide compound in the presence of a heterogenous catalyst comprising gold.

The present invention concerns a method of oxidizing a cycloalkane to form a product mixture containing a corresponding alcohol and ketone, said method comprising contacting the cycloalkane with a hydroperoxide compound in the presence of a heterogenous catalyst comprising gold.

A method of making a polyfunctional polyfluorinated compound includes combining first components that include a polyfluorinated cyclic compound having 4 to 7 ring carbon atoms and at least one of osmium tetroxide, ruthenium tetroxide or a precursor thereof and forming a polyfluorinated dicarboxylic acid. Two of the ring carbon atoms of the polyfluorinated cyclic compound form a double bond or an epoxide. The precursor reacts with an oxidant to form ruthenium tetroxide. Methods also include converting the polyfluorinated dicarboxylic acid to a polyfluorinated dicarboxylic acid halide and converting the polyfluorinated dicarboxylic acid halide to other polyfunctional polyfluorinated compounds.

A method of making a polyfunctional polyfluorinated compound includes combining first components that include a polyfluorinated cyclic compound having 4 to 7 ring carbon atoms and at least one of osmium tetroxide, ruthenium tetroxide or a precursor thereof and forming a polyfluorinated dicarboxylic acid. Two of the ring carbon atoms of the polyfluorinated cyclic compound form a double bond or an epoxide. The precursor reacts with an oxidant to form ruthenium tetroxide. Methods also include converting the polyfluorinated dicarboxylic acid to a polyfluorinated dicarboxylic acid halide and converting the polyfluorinated dicarboxylic acid halide to other polyfunctional polyfluorinated compounds.