An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a propionic acid derivative with high productivity. The object can be achieved by a method for producing a compound represented by formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 is a halogen atom or the like, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an organic group, X is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a hydrocarbon group optionally having one or more substituents, R.sup.6 is a hydrocarbon group optionally having one or more substituents; the method comprising step A of reacting a compound represented by formula (2): ##STR00002##
with a compound represented by formula (3):
M(R.sup.1).sub.n, wherein M is a cation, n is an integer corresponding to the valence of M, and a compound represented by formula (4):
R.sup.6XH; and
step B of separating, by filtration, the compound represented by formula (5): MF.sub.n from the mixture obtained by the above reaction.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a propionic acid derivative with high productivity. The object can be achieved by a method for producing a compound represented by formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 is a halogen atom or the like, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an organic group, X is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a hydrocarbon group optionally having one or more substituents, R.sup.6 is a hydrocarbon group optionally having one or more substituents; the method comprising step A of reacting a compound represented by formula (2): ##STR00002##
with a compound represented by formula (3):
M(R.sup.1).sub.n, wherein M is a cation, n is an integer corresponding to the valence of M, and a compound represented by formula (4):
R.sup.6XH; and
step B of separating, by filtration, the compound represented by formula (5): MF.sub.n from the mixture obtained by the above reaction.

The present invention provides a porous metal-containing carbon-based material that is stable at high temperatures under aqueous conditions. The porous metal-containing carbon-based materials are particularly useful in catalytic applications. Also provided, are methods for making and using porous shaped metal-carbon products prepared from these materials.

A method for producing adipic acid and cyclohexanone oxime from cyclohexane is provided. Cyclohexane and NO.sub.x undergo oxidation-nitration reaction to produce a mixture of adipic acid, nitrocyclohexane, nitrogen oxides and by-product A, from which adipic acid and nitrocyclohexane are separated. The nitrocyclohexane is catalytically hydrogenated with hydrogen to produce cyclohexanone oxime and a small amount of cyclohexylamine, where cyclohexanone oxime is collected, and the cyclohexylamine is partially oxidized with molecular oxygen to obtain cyclohexanone oxime and by-product B. Without separation, or after removing part or all of water from the reaction mixture, under the action of a catalyst, the reaction mixture undergoes hydrogenation and amination simultaneously or sequentially, or the hydrogenation alone, and separation to give cyclohexanone oxime.

A method for the electrochemical preparation of alkanedicarboxylic acids involves a ring-opening oxidation with a doped Ni(O)OH foam electrode in an aqueous alkaline solution.

A hydrogenated Diels-Alder adduct of the formula (III)

##STR00001##

a hydrogenated Diels-Alder adduct of the formula (IV)

##STR00002##

and
a lactone compound of formula (V)

##STR00003##

are disclosed and described.

A hydrogenated Diels-Alder adduct of the formula (III)

##STR00001##

a hydrogenated Diels-Alder adduct of the formula (IV)

##STR00002##

and
a lactone compound of formula (V)

##STR00003##

are disclosed and described.

A hydrogenated Diels-Alder adduct of the formula (III)

##STR00001##

a hydrogenated Diels-Alder adduct of the formula (IV)

##STR00002##

and
a lactone compound of formula (V)

##STR00003##

are disclosed and described.

The present invention is directed to an energy-efficient and environmentally friendly process for the production of chemical target compounds from cellulosic material. In a further aspect, the present invention is directed to a system for conducting the process according to the inventive process.

The present invention is directed to an energy-efficient and environmentally friendly process for the production of chemical target compounds from cellulosic material. In a further aspect, the present invention is directed to a system for conducting the process according to the inventive process.