A long life catalyst is provided that is conveniently and inexpensively capable of being produced and that is highly active and has inhibited metal leakage. According to aspects of the present invention, a catalyst is provided that includes: a polymer including a plurality of first structural units and a plurality of second structural units; and metal acting as a catalytic center, wherein at least part of the metal is covered with the polymer, each of the plurality of first structural units has a first atom constituting a main chain of the polymer and a first substituent group bonded to the first atom, a second atom included in each of the plurality of second structural units is bonded to the first atom, and the second atom is different from the first atom, or at least one of all substituent groups on the second atom is different from the first substituent group.

A method of making cyclobutane-1,2-diacid building blocks includes using trans-cinnamic acid in its beta form (head to head packing) and photodimerizing the trans-cinnamic acid to create cis-cyclobutane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid (CBDA-4).

A method of making cyclobutane-1,2-diacid building blocks includes using trans-cinnamic acid in its beta form (head to head packing) and photodimerizing the trans-cinnamic acid to create cis-cyclobutane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid (CBDA-4).

A method of making cyclobutane-1,2-diacid building blocks includes using trans-cinnamic acid in its beta form (head to head packing) and photodimerizing the trans-cinnamic acid to create cis-cyclobutane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid (CBDA-4).

A process for producing a composition having a ratio by weight of C.sub.10-C.sub.26 monobranched fatty acids or alkyl esters thereof to C.sub.10-C.sub.26 polybranched fatty acids or alkyl esters thereof of greater than 6 using a zeolite, preferably ferrierite, isomerization catalyst. The zeolite catalyst is preferably the only isomerization catalyst used. The zeolite catalyst can be reused many times after simple separation from the reaction products without having to be regenerated.

A process for producing a composition having a ratio by weight of C.sub.10-C.sub.26 monobranched fatty acids or alkyl esters thereof to C.sub.10-C.sub.26 polybranched fatty acids or alkyl esters thereof of greater than 6 using a zeolite, preferably ferrierite, isomerization catalyst. The zeolite catalyst is preferably the only isomerization catalyst used. The zeolite catalyst can be reused many times after simple separation from the reaction products without having to be regenerated.

A process for producing a composition having a ratio by weight of C.sub.10-C.sub.26 monobranched fatty acids or alkyl esters thereof to C.sub.10-C.sub.26 polybranched fatty acids or alkyl esters thereof of greater than 6 using a zeolite, preferably ferrierite, isomerization catalyst. The zeolite catalyst is preferably the only isomerization catalyst used. The zeolite catalyst can be reused many times after simple separation from the reaction products without having to be regenerated.

The present invention relates to a process for carbonylating allyl alcohols at low temperature, low pressure and/or low catalyst loading. In an alternative embodiment, an acylation product of the allyl alcohol is used for the carbonylation. The present invention likewise relates to the preparation of conversion products of these carbonylation products and specifically of (−)-ambrox.

The present invention relates to a process for carbonylating allyl alcohols at low temperature, low pressure and/or low catalyst loading. In an alternative embodiment, an acylation product of the allyl alcohol is used for the carbonylation. The present invention likewise relates to the preparation of conversion products of these carbonylation products and specifically of (−)-ambrox.

Disclosed is a method for preparing cannabidiol and analogues thereof; the method is implemented by means of reacting a resorcinol derivative with menthyl-2,8-dien-1-ol or a derivative thereof. The method of the present invention has advantages of such as high chemical reaction selectivity and simple operation.