Disclosed is a method of producing hydrogen (H.sub.2) gas and calcium carbonate from formaldehyde. The method includes combining an aqueous base, formaldehyde, and a transition metal complex having a coordination bond between a transition metal and a leaving group to form a homogeneous aqueous solution having a basic pH, wherein the leaving group dissociates from the transition metal complex in response to light and/or the basic pH of the solution, producing hydrogen (H.sub.2) gas and formate or a salt thereof from the formaldehyde present in the homogeneous aqueous solution, and producing calcium carbonate using the formate or salt thereof as a carbon source.

Disclosed is a method of producing hydrogen (H.sub.2) gas and calcium carbonate from formaldehyde. The method includes combining an aqueous base, formaldehyde, and a transition metal complex having a coordination bond between a transition metal and a leaving group to form a homogeneous aqueous solution having a basic pH, wherein the leaving group dissociates from the transition metal complex in response to light and/or the basic pH of the solution, producing hydrogen (H.sub.2) gas and formate or a salt thereof from the formaldehyde present in the homogeneous aqueous solution, and producing calcium carbonate using the formate or salt thereof as a carbon source.

The invention relates to an organic ammonium salt of formula (I), wherein the symbols have the following meanings: A- is an anionic pesticide, R.sup.1 is H, C.sub.1C.sub.4-alkyl, CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OH or CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)OH; R is H, CH.sub.3 or two adjacent radicals R together form a group —C(R′)— and R′ is equal to or different from H or CH.sub.3, wherein said salt is suitable for reducing the volatility of active substances in the spray application of anionic pesticides.

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of amino alcohol derivatives or salts thereof. In particular the present invention relates to process for the preparation of amino alcohol derivatives or salts thereof which may be used as intermediates in the preparation of HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors, more preferably Carbovir and Abacavir.

The present invention more specifically relates to a process for the preparation of (1S,4R)-4-amino-2-cyclopentene-1-methanol of Formula IIIa.

##STR00001##

The present invention also specifically relates to process for the preparation of Abacavir sulfate of Formula II using compound of Formula IIIa prepared according to the process of the present invention.

##STR00002##

The invention relates to a novel process for preparing spiro derivatives, in particular 7-methyl-2-[4-methyl-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]pyrimidin-2-yl]-1,7-diazaspiro[4.4]nonan-6-one, and to novel intermediates for use in said process along with processes for preparing said intermediates.

The invention relates to a novel process for preparing spiro derivatives, in particular 7-methyl-2-[4-methyl-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]pyrimidin-2-yl]-1,7-diazaspiro[4.4]nonan-6-one, and to novel intermediates for use in said process along with processes for preparing said intermediates.

A method of selectively removing impurities from a scandium-containing feed solution includes contacting an aqueous scandium-containing solution with an organic solvent stream containing an extractant, thereby forming a loaded organic solvent stream containing the impurity or impurities while leaving the scandium in the raffinate. The aqueous stream containing the scandium is washed, diluted and has inorganic salts added before being contacted with a second organic solvent stream to extract the scandium selectively, and followed by stripping the scandium from the scandium-containing loaded organic extractant stream by adding oxalic acid to the loaded organic extractant stream to form scandium oxalate.

A method of selectively removing impurities from a scandium-containing feed solution includes contacting an aqueous scandium-containing solution with an organic solvent stream containing an extractant, thereby forming a loaded organic solvent stream containing the impurity or impurities while leaving the scandium in the raffinate. The aqueous stream containing the scandium is washed, diluted and has inorganic salts added before being contacted with a second organic solvent stream to extract the scandium selectively, and followed by stripping the scandium from the scandium-containing loaded organic extractant stream by adding oxalic acid to the loaded organic extractant stream to form scandium oxalate.

A system and method for removing acetic acid and other short chain fatty acids described as organic acid from a rich mono-ethylene glycol (“MEG”) solution does so by stripping the organic acid from the rich MEG solution by contacting the solution with a gas, the gas being nitrogen or a fuel gas such as methane; and stripping the organic acid from the gas by contacting the gas with a caustic solution such as a dilute sodium hydroxide solution. The stripping takes place in respective stripping columns. A portion of the gas exiting the gas/organic acid stripping column can be recycled to the MEG/organic acid stripping column to reduce total gas usage. A portion of the waste stream exiting the gas/organic acid stripping column can be recycled back to the gas/organic acid stripping column to reduce the amount of caustic solution used as well as the amount of waste.

A system and method for removing acetic acid and other short chain fatty acids described as organic acid from a rich mono-ethylene glycol (“MEG”) solution does so by stripping the organic acid from the rich MEG solution by contacting the solution with a gas, the gas being nitrogen or a fuel gas such as methane; and stripping the organic acid from the gas by contacting the gas with a caustic solution such as a dilute sodium hydroxide solution. The stripping takes place in respective stripping columns. A portion of the gas exiting the gas/organic acid stripping column can be recycled to the MEG/organic acid stripping column to reduce total gas usage. A portion of the waste stream exiting the gas/organic acid stripping column can be recycled back to the gas/organic acid stripping column to reduce the amount of caustic solution used as well as the amount of waste.