The invention relates to particles of a calcium salt of a fatty acid having 12 to 22 carbon atoms, wherein the median size is 4.0 μm to 15.0 μm, the particle size digest A expressed by the following equation (1) satisfies the relation A≤2.0, and the average thickness is 350 to 800 nm.

Particle size digest A=(D90−D10)/D50  equation (1) (Here, 4.0≤D50≤15.0.) D10: the 10% cumulative size (μm) of the fatty acid calcium salt particles on a volumetric basis D50: the median size (μm) of the fatty acid calcium salt particles on a volumetric basis D90: the 90% cumulative size (μm) of the fatty acid calcium salt particles on a volumetric basis

Disclosed are catalysts comprised of platinum and gold. The catalysts are generally useful for the selective oxidation of compositions comprised of a primary alcohol group and at least one secondary alcohol group wherein at least the primary alcohol group is converted to a carboxyl group. More particularly, the catalysts are supported catalysts including particles comprising gold and particles comprising platinum, wherein the molar ratio of platinum to gold is in the range of about 100:1 to about 1:4, the platinum is essentially present as Pt(0) and the platinum-containing particles are of a size in the range of about 2 to about 50 nm. Also disclosed are methods for the oxidative chemocatalytic conversion of carbohydrates to carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof. Additionally, methods are disclosed for the selective oxidation of glucose to glucaric acid or derivatives thereof using catalysts comprising platinum and gold. Further, methods are disclosed for the production of such catalysts.

Disclosed are catalysts comprised of platinum and gold. The catalysts are generally useful for the selective oxidation of compositions comprised of a primary alcohol group and at least one secondary alcohol group wherein at least the primary alcohol group is converted to a carboxyl group. More particularly, the catalysts are supported catalysts including particles comprising gold and particles comprising platinum, wherein the molar ratio of platinum to gold is in the range of about 100:1 to about 1:4, the platinum is essentially present as Pt(0) and the platinum-containing particles are of a size in the range of about 2 to about 50 nm. Also disclosed are methods for the oxidative chemocatalytic conversion of carbohydrates to carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof. Additionally, methods are disclosed for the selective oxidation of glucose to glucaric acid or derivatives thereof using catalysts comprising platinum and gold. Further, methods are disclosed for the production of such catalysts.

The invention relates to the use of specific hydroycinnamic acid salts for stabilizing organic materials. The invention also relates to a corresponding organic material stabilized by incorporating a specific hydroxycinnamic acid salt, and to a method for stabilizing organic materials. In addition, a specific aluminum salt of a hydroxycinnamic acid suitable as an organic stabilizer is described. The invention further relates to a stabilizer composition comprising a corresponding hydroxycinnamic acid salt.

The invention relates to the use of specific hydroycinnamic acid salts for stabilizing organic materials. The invention also relates to a corresponding organic material stabilized by incorporating a specific hydroxycinnamic acid salt, and to a method for stabilizing organic materials. In addition, a specific aluminum salt of a hydroxycinnamic acid suitable as an organic stabilizer is described. The invention further relates to a stabilizer composition comprising a corresponding hydroxycinnamic acid salt.

A method for producing an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition, the method including passing a solution including an acid compound having a pKa of 2.0 or more through a column packed with an ion-exchange resin, producing an onium salt by using the acid compound having been passed through the column, and mixing together the onium salt and a resin that undergoes an increase in polarity due to action of acid.

A method for producing an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition, the method including passing a solution including an acid compound having a pKa of 2.0 or more through a column packed with an ion-exchange resin, producing an onium salt by using the acid compound having been passed through the column, and mixing together the onium salt and a resin that undergoes an increase in polarity due to action of acid.

A method for producing copper carboxylate, a wood preservative composition comprising copper carboxylate, and a wood product produced therefrom are provided. The method comprises combining a hydrocarbon solvent, a copper compound, and carboxylic acid and contacting the copper compound with the carboxylic acid in the presence of the hydrocarbon solvent to form a reaction product comprising copper carboxylate.

A method for producing copper carboxylate, a wood preservative composition comprising copper carboxylate, and a wood product produced therefrom are provided. The method comprises combining a hydrocarbon solvent, a copper compound, and carboxylic acid and contacting the copper compound with the carboxylic acid in the presence of the hydrocarbon solvent to form a reaction product comprising copper carboxylate.

Provided herein are processes for forming sufentanil citrate from sufentanil base. One process comprises forming sufentanil citrate in the presence of a polar non-aqueous solvent. Other processes comprise forming sufentanil citrate in the presence of water.