Monomers, polymers, or oligomers formed therefrom and methods of forming or utilizing monomers of formula I ##STR00001##
where R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl; and X is —OH; —OM where M is lithium (Li), sodium (Na), or potassium (K), NH.sub.4.sup.+, R.sup.5NH.sub.3.sup.+, R.sup.5.sub.2NH.sub.2.sup.+, R.sup.5.sub.3NH.sup.+, R.sup.5.sub.4N.sup.+ where R.sup.5 can independently be selected from alkyl, benzyl, and combinations thereof; —OR.sup.2 where R.sup.2 can be a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, 2-ethylhexyl, or a hydrocarbon moiety of bio-renewable alcohol or a hydrogenated derivative thereof; —NR.sup.3R.sup.4, —NR.sup.3—NR.sup.3R.sup.4, —NR.sup.3—OR.sup.4 where R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 can independently be H, a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, or combinations thereof.

Monomers, polymers, or oligomers formed therefrom and methods of forming or utilizing monomers of formula I ##STR00001##
where R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl; and X is —OH; —OM where M is lithium (Li), sodium (Na), or potassium (K), NH.sub.4.sup.+, R.sup.5NH.sub.3.sup.+, R.sup.5.sub.2NH.sub.2.sup.+, R.sup.5.sub.3NH.sup.+, R.sup.5.sub.4N.sup.+ where R.sup.5 can independently be selected from alkyl, benzyl, and combinations thereof; —OR.sup.2 where R.sup.2 can be a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, 2-ethylhexyl, or a hydrocarbon moiety of bio-renewable alcohol or a hydrogenated derivative thereof; —NR.sup.3R.sup.4, —NR.sup.3—NR.sup.3R.sup.4, —NR.sup.3—OR.sup.4 where R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 can independently be H, a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, or combinations thereof.

The present disclosure provides a process for producing trifluoroiodomethane, the process comprising providing a reactant stream comprising hydrogen iodide and at least one trifluoroacetyl halide selected from the group consisting of trifluoroacetyl chloride, trifluoroacetyl fluoride, trifluoroacetyl bromide, and combinations thereof, reacting the reactant stream in the presence of a first catalyst at a first reaction temperature from about 25° C. to about 400° C. to produce an intermediate product stream comprising trifluoroacetyl iodide, and reacting the intermediate product stream in the presence of a second catalyst at a second reaction temperature from about 200° C. to about 600° C. to produce a final product stream comprising the trifluoroiodomethane.

The present disclosure provides a process for producing trifluoroiodomethane, the process comprising providing a reactant stream comprising hydrogen iodide and at least one trifluoroacetyl halide selected from the group consisting of trifluoroacetyl chloride, trifluoroacetyl fluoride, trifluoroacetyl bromide, and combinations thereof, reacting the reactant stream in the presence of a first catalyst at a first reaction temperature from about 25° C. to about 400° C. to produce an intermediate product stream comprising trifluoroacetyl iodide, and reacting the intermediate product stream in the presence of a second catalyst at a second reaction temperature from about 200° C. to about 600° C. to produce a final product stream comprising the trifluoroiodomethane.

Process for the production of a compound comprising potassium phosphite comprising the steps of (a) reacting carboxylic acid of the formula R—(C(═O)OH).sub.n with phosphorous trichloride (PCl.sub.3) towards a mixture comprising phosphorous acid (H.sub.3PO.sub.3) and acid chloride of the formula R—(C(═O)Cl).sub.n; wherein R is a linear or branched alkyl or alkanediyl group with 1-20 carbon atoms and n is 1 or 2, (b) subjecting said mixture to a separation step, thereby obtaining (i) a fraction comprising crude phosphorous acid (H.sub.3PO.sub.3) and (ii) a fraction comprising acid chloride, (c) combining water, a potassium compound selected from KOH, KHCO.sub.3 and K.sub.2CO.sub.3, and the fraction comprising crude phosphorous acid, thereby forming an aqueous solution comprising potassium phosphite, and (d) removing organic compounds from said aqueous solution.

Process for the production of a compound comprising potassium phosphite comprising the steps of (a) reacting carboxylic acid of the formula R—(C(═O)OH).sub.n with phosphorous trichloride (PCl.sub.3) towards a mixture comprising phosphorous acid (H.sub.3PO.sub.3) and acid chloride of the formula R—(C(═O)Cl).sub.n; wherein R is a linear or branched alkyl or alkanediyl group with 1-20 carbon atoms and n is 1 or 2, (b) subjecting said mixture to a separation step, thereby obtaining (i) a fraction comprising crude phosphorous acid (H.sub.3PO.sub.3) and (ii) a fraction comprising acid chloride, (c) combining water, a potassium compound selected from KOH, KHCO.sub.3 and K.sub.2CO.sub.3, and the fraction comprising crude phosphorous acid, thereby forming an aqueous solution comprising potassium phosphite, and (d) removing organic compounds from said aqueous solution.

Process for the production of a compound comprising potassium phosphite comprising the steps of (a) reacting carboxylic acid of the formula R—(C(═O)OH).sub.n with phosphorous trichloride (PCl.sub.3) towards a mixture comprising phosphorous acid (H.sub.3PO.sub.3) and acid chloride of the formula R—(C(═O)Cl).sub.n; wherein R is a linear or branched alkyl or alkanediyl group with 1-20 carbon atoms and n is 1 or 2, (b) subjecting said mixture to a separation step, thereby obtaining (i) a fraction comprising crude phosphorous acid (H.sub.3PO.sub.3) and (ii) a fraction comprising acid chloride, (c) combining water, a potassium compound selected from KOH, KHCO.sub.3 and K.sub.2CO.sub.3, and the fraction comprising crude phosphorous acid, thereby forming an aqueous solution comprising potassium phosphite, and (d) removing organic compounds from said aqueous solution.

Provided is a process for preparing 4-phenyl-1-butyric acid, comprising: reacting 4-phenyl-1-butanol with sodium chlorite, a nitroxyl radical catalyst and sodium hypochlorite in an organic solvent and a phosphate buffer; and quenching the reaction with sodium sulfite to produce 4-phenyl-1-butyric. Also provided is 4-phenyl-1-butyric acid prepared by such a process.

Provided is a process for preparing 4-phenyl-1-butyric acid, comprising: reacting 4-phenyl-1-butanol with sodium chlorite, a nitroxyl radical catalyst and sodium hypochlorite in an organic solvent and a phosphate buffer; and quenching the reaction with sodium sulfite to produce 4-phenyl-1-butyric. Also provided is 4-phenyl-1-butyric acid prepared by such a process.

Provided is a process for preparing 4-phenyl-1-butyric acid, comprising: reacting 4-phenyl-1-butanol with sodium chlorite, a nitroxyl radical catalyst and sodium hypochlorite in an organic solvent and a phosphate buffer; and quenching the reaction with sodium sulfite to produce 4-phenyl-1-butyric. Also provided is 4-phenyl-1-butyric acid prepared by such a process.