In one aspect, methods of HMF production are described herein. A method of HMF production, in some embodiments, comprises providing a saccharide feedstock including glucose and bringing the saccharide feedstock into contact with a solid state catalytic structure at a temperature sufficient to effectuate dehydration of the glucose to provide HMF. The solid state catalytic structure comprises a substrate having one or more surfaces functionalized with saccharide solubilization functionalities and acid functionalities, wherein the saccharide solubilization functionalities comprise one or more imidazolium salts pendant along chains of a first polymeric species attached to the substrate surface.

In one aspect, methods of HMF production are described herein. A method of HMF production, in some embodiments, comprises providing a saccharide feedstock including glucose and bringing the saccharide feedstock into contact with a solid state catalytic structure at a temperature sufficient to effectuate dehydration of the glucose to provide HMF. The solid state catalytic structure comprises a substrate having one or more surfaces functionalized with saccharide solubilization functionalities and acid functionalities, wherein the saccharide solubilization functionalities comprise one or more imidazolium salts pendant along chains of a first polymeric species attached to the substrate surface.

A method of manufacturing an iron soap is disclosed herein. The method comprising the steps of: reacting, at a temperature equal to or lower than a crystal transition initiation temperature of the iron soap to be manufactured, between a straight-chain saturated fatty acid alkali metal salt aqueous solution having from 12 to 22 carbons and a trivalent iron salt aqueous solution with pH of 0.1 to 5.5 so as to prepare an iron soap slurry; and adjusting pH of the prepared iron soap slurry to from 0.1 to 6.0.

A method of manufacturing an iron soap is disclosed herein. The method comprising the steps of: reacting, at a temperature equal to or lower than a crystal transition initiation temperature of the iron soap to be manufactured, between a straight-chain saturated fatty acid alkali metal salt aqueous solution having from 12 to 22 carbons and a trivalent iron salt aqueous solution with pH of 0.1 to 5.5 so as to prepare an iron soap slurry; and adjusting pH of the prepared iron soap slurry to from 0.1 to 6.0.

A method of manufacturing an iron soap is disclosed herein. The method comprising the steps of: reacting, at a temperature equal to or lower than a crystal transition initiation temperature of the iron soap to be manufactured, between a straight-chain saturated fatty acid alkali metal salt aqueous solution having from 12 to 22 carbons and a trivalent iron salt aqueous solution with pH of 0.1 to 5.5 so as to prepare an iron soap slurry; and adjusting pH of the prepared iron soap slurry to from 0.1 to 6.0.

An integrated process for the preparation of carboxylic acids using iso-paraffins is provided. The process includes oxidatively carbonylating a compound having a carbon-hydrogen bond with dialkyl peroxide, carbon monoxide and water. Concurrently, the iso-paraffin is converted to iso-alcohol. The process provides access to a wide range of useful carboxylic acids and operates under relatively mild conditions.

This disclosure relates to ester compounds derived from neo-alcohol, lubricating oil base stocks comprising such ester compounds, lubricating oil compositions comprising such ester compounds, and method for making such compounds and/or base stocks. The lubricating oil base stocks comprising the ester compounds exhibit desirable lubricating properties such as polarity and oxidation stability.

This disclosure relates to ester compounds derived from neo-alcohol, lubricating oil base stocks comprising such ester compounds, lubricating oil compositions comprising such ester compounds, and method for making such compounds and/or base stocks. The lubricating oil base stocks comprising the ester compounds exhibit desirable lubricating properties such as polarity and oxidation stability.

This disclosure relates to ester compounds derived from neo-acids, lubricating oil base stocks comprising such ester compounds, lubricating oil compositions comprising such ester compounds, and method for making such compounds and/or base stocks. The lubricating oil base stocks comprising the ester compounds exhibit desirable lubricating properties such as polarity and oxidation stability.

This disclosure relates to ester compounds derived from neo-acids, lubricating oil base stocks comprising such ester compounds, lubricating oil compositions comprising such ester compounds, and method for making such compounds and/or base stocks. The lubricating oil base stocks comprising the ester compounds exhibit desirable lubricating properties such as polarity and oxidation stability.