Described herein polymer precursor compounds (aka polymer building blocks) of derived from biobased compounds, and specifically biobased mevalonolactone and its related derivatives. Through oxidation these biobased precursors can be reacted to yield building blocks for (unsaturated-) polyesters, polyester polyols and polyamides, as well as precursors for glycidyl esters and omega-alkenyl esters. Through reduction, these biobased precursors can be reacted to yield building blocks for (unsaturated-) polyesters, polyester polyols, polycarbonates, as well as precursors for glycidyl ethers and omega-alkenyl ethers. Through nucleophilic ring opening and/or amidation, these biobased precursors can be reacted to yield building blocks for polyester polyols, chain-extender for polyurethanes, or polyester-amides.

A method of recovering an organic acid from an aqueous solution may include extracting the organic acid dissolved in the aqueous solution into a water immiscible extraction phase. The water immiscible extraction phase has an extractant for the organic acid. The method may also include separating the extraction phase from the aqueous solution, adding an alcohol to the extraction phase separated from the aqueous solution, and forming an ester from the organic acid and the alcohol.

A method of recovering an organic acid from an aqueous solution may include extracting the organic acid dissolved in the aqueous solution into a water immiscible extraction phase. The water immiscible extraction phase has an extractant for the organic acid. The method may also include separating the extraction phase from the aqueous solution, adding an alcohol to the extraction phase separated from the aqueous solution, and forming an ester from the organic acid and the alcohol.

Methods for syntheses of organic acids from -keto acids, including methods for syntheses of isotopically encriched organic acids from -keto acids are disclosed. The isotopically enriched organic acids are useful, for example, in metabolic flux analyses.

The present disclosure relates to novel thiamine-organic acid salt, and the method of making the novel thiamine-organic acid salt.

The present disclosure relates to novel thiamine-organic acid salt, and the method of making the novel thiamine-organic acid salt.

A method of extracting nutrients from a plant includes the steps of: pulverizing a water soluble nutrient-based plant part of a first plant material of the plant so as to form a first pulverized plant part; pulverizing a lipid soluble nutrient-based plant part of a second plant material of the plant so as to form a second pulverized plant part; subjecting the first pulverized plant part to a distillation so as to obtain a distillate and a first residue that contains a water soluble nutrient; and immersing the second pulverized plant part in the distillate to form a first mixture followed by distillation of the first mixture, so as to obtain a second residue that contains a lipid soluble nutrient.

A method of extracting nutrients from a plant includes the steps of: pulverizing a water soluble nutrient-based plant part of a first plant material of the plant so as to form a first pulverized plant part; pulverizing a lipid soluble nutrient-based plant part of a second plant material of the plant so as to form a second pulverized plant part; subjecting the first pulverized plant part to a distillation so as to obtain a distillate and a first residue that contains a water soluble nutrient; and immersing the second pulverized plant part in the distillate to form a first mixture followed by distillation of the first mixture, so as to obtain a second residue that contains a lipid soluble nutrient.

A gastric tract acid (GTA) compound having the structure of formula I, as well as salts, esters, prodrugs, or labelled derivatives thereof, are provided. Such GTA compounds may be used for determining GTA levels of a sample, for diagnosing a subject as having or being at risk of developing colorectal cancer, or for raising antibodies. Antibodies, or fragments thereof, which specifically bind to the GTA of formula I are described, as well as uses of such antibodies or fragments for determining GTA levels in a sample, or for diagnosing a subject as having or being at risk of developing colorectal cancer. Kits comprising such GTA compounds and/or antibodies are also provided.

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A gastric tract acid (GTA) compound having the structure of formula I, as well as salts, esters, prodrugs, or labelled derivatives thereof, are provided. Such GTA compounds may be used for determining GTA levels of a sample, for diagnosing a subject as having or being at risk of developing colorectal cancer, or for raising antibodies. Antibodies, or fragments thereof, which specifically bind to the GTA of formula I are described, as well as uses of such antibodies or fragments for determining GTA levels in a sample, or for diagnosing a subject as having or being at risk of developing colorectal cancer. Kits comprising such GTA compounds and/or antibodies are also provided.

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