The present disclosure relates to a process for the manufacturing of a (meth)acrylic anhydride, wherein the process comprises the steps of: A. providing a flow reactor comprising a reaction chamber; B. providing reactants and reagents comprising: a) a (meth)acryloyl halide; b) an organic solvent; c) a (meth)acrylic acid; d) and either: i. a tertiary amine; or ii. an inorganic base and a polar solvent; and C. incorporating the reactants and reagents into the reaction chamber of the flow reactor, thereby forming a reaction product stream comprising the (meth)acrylic anhydride. In another aspect, the present disclosure is directed to the use of a polar solvent for the manufacturing of a (meth)acrylic anhydride in a flow reactor.

The present disclosure relates to a process for the manufacturing of a (meth)acrylic anhydride, wherein the process comprises the steps of: A. providing a flow reactor comprising a reaction chamber; B. providing reactants and reagents comprising: a) a (meth)acryloyl halide; b) an organic solvent; c) a (meth)acrylic acid; d) and either: i. a tertiary amine; or ii. an inorganic base and a polar solvent; and C. incorporating the reactants and reagents into the reaction chamber of the flow reactor, thereby forming a reaction product stream comprising the (meth)acrylic anhydride. In another aspect, the present disclosure is directed to the use of a polar solvent for the manufacturing of a (meth)acrylic anhydride in a flow reactor.

The present disclosure relates to a process for the manufacturing of an acid halide, wherein the process comprises the steps of: a) providing a flow reactor comprising a reaction chamber; b) providing reactants comprising: i. a carboxylic acid; ii. a reaction co-agent selected from the group consisting of N,N-disubstituted amides; and iii. a phosphoryl halide; c) incorporating the reactants into the reaction chamber of the flow reactor, wherein the molar ratio of the carboxylic acid to the phosphoryl halide is 1 to at least 0.8, and the molar ratio of the carboxylic acid to the co-agent is 1 to at least 0.5; and d) producing a reaction product stream comprising the acid halide. In another aspect, the present disclosure is directed to the use of a phosphoryl halide for the manufacturing of an acid halide in a flow reactor.

The present disclosure relates to a process for the manufacturing of an acid halide, wherein the process comprises the steps of: a) providing a flow reactor comprising a reaction chamber; b) providing reactants comprising: i. a carboxylic acid; ii. a reaction co-agent selected from the group consisting of N,N-disubstituted amides; and iii. a phosphoryl halide; c) incorporating the reactants into the reaction chamber of the flow reactor, wherein the molar ratio of the carboxylic acid to the phosphoryl halide is 1 to at least 0.8, and the molar ratio of the carboxylic acid to the co-agent is 1 to at least 0.5; and d) producing a reaction product stream comprising the acid halide. In another aspect, the present disclosure is directed to the use of a phosphoryl halide for the manufacturing of an acid halide in a flow reactor.

The present disclosure provides a bifunctional linker for coupling at least one functional moiety, preferably a bis-allyl propionic acid (BAPA), to a polymer-containing matrix. Also disclosed by the present disclosure are anhydrides of the bifunctional linker, processes for preparing the bifunctional linker and such anhydride, as well as surfaces, such as cellulose containing matrices, coupled with the bifunctional linker, at times, the latter carrying a functional agent.

Monomers, polymers, or oligomers formed therefrom and methods of forming or utilizing monomers of formula I

##STR00001##

where R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl; and X is OH; OM where M is lithium (Li), sodium (Na), or potassium (K), NH.sub.4.sup.+, R.sup.5NH.sub.3.sup.+, R.sup.5.sub.2NH.sub.2.sup.+, R.sup.5.sub.3NH.sup.+, R.sup.5.sub.4N.sup.+ where R.sup.5 can independently be selected from alkyl, benzyl, and combinations thereof; OR.sup.2 where R.sup.2 can be a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, 2-ethylhexyl, or a hydrocarbon moiety of bio-renewable alcohol or a hydrogenated derivative thereof; NR.sup.3R.sup.4, NR.sup.3NR.sup.3R.sup.4, NR.sup.3OR.sup.4 where R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 can independently be H, a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, or combinations thereof.

Monomers, polymers, or oligomers formed therefrom and methods of forming or utilizing monomers of formula I

##STR00001##

where R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl; and X is OH; OM where M is lithium (Li), sodium (Na), or potassium (K), NH.sub.4.sup.+, R.sup.5NH.sub.3.sup.+, R.sup.5.sub.2NH.sub.2.sup.+, R.sup.5.sub.3NH.sup.+, R.sup.5.sub.4N.sup.+ where R.sup.5 can independently be selected from alkyl, benzyl, and combinations thereof; OR.sup.2 where R.sup.2 can be a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, 2-ethylhexyl, or a hydrocarbon moiety of bio-renewable alcohol or a hydrogenated derivative thereof; NR.sup.3R.sup.4, NR.sup.3NR.sup.3R.sup.4, NR.sup.3OR.sup.4 where R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 can independently be H, a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, or combinations thereof.