The present disclosure relates to crystalline forms of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-11-methoxy-2-[(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)methyl]-1H-cyclopenta[a]pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazole-1,3(2H)-dione, including salts forms and free base forms.

The present disclosure relates to crystalline forms of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-11-methoxy-2-[(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)methyl]-1H-cyclopenta[a]pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazole-1,3(2H)-dione, including salts forms and free base forms.

[Problem] To provide a magnesium hydroxide-based solid solution which has smaller primary particles and secondary particles and improved reactivity with an acid as compared with conventional magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH).sub.2), improves the flame retardancy and mechanical strength of a resin, and also forms a non-sedimenting slurry, providing the same handleability as a liquid.

[Structure] A magnesium hydroxide-based solid solution represented by the following formula (1): Mg(OH).sub.2-xR.sub.x (Formula 1), wherein R represents a monovalent organic acid, and x represents 0<x<1. The magnesium hydroxide-based solid solution is a magnesium oxide (MgO) precursor. A flame retardant for a synthetic resin, including the magnesium hydroxide-based solid solution as an active ingredient. A synthetic resin composition characterized by including 0.1 to 50 parts by weight of the magnesium hydroxide-based solid solution (b) per 100 parts by weight of a synthetic resin (a); and a molded article thereof.

[Problem] To provide a magnesium hydroxide-based solid solution which has smaller primary particles and secondary particles and improved reactivity with an acid as compared with conventional magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH).sub.2), improves the flame retardancy and mechanical strength of a resin, and also forms a non-sedimenting slurry, providing the same handleability as a liquid.

[Structure] A magnesium hydroxide-based solid solution represented by the following formula (1): Mg(OH).sub.2-xR.sub.x (Formula 1), wherein R represents a monovalent organic acid, and x represents 0<x<1. The magnesium hydroxide-based solid solution is a magnesium oxide (MgO) precursor. A flame retardant for a synthetic resin, including the magnesium hydroxide-based solid solution as an active ingredient. A synthetic resin composition characterized by including 0.1 to 50 parts by weight of the magnesium hydroxide-based solid solution (b) per 100 parts by weight of a synthetic resin (a); and a molded article thereof.

Core-shell particles and methods of making and using thereof are described herein. The core is formed of or contains one or more hydrophobic materials or more hydrophobic materials. The shell is formed of or contains hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG). The HPG coating can be modified to adjust the properties of the particles. Unmodified HPG coatings impart stealth properties to the particles which resist non-specific protein absorption and increase circulation in the blood. The hydroxyl groups on the HPG coating can be chemically modified to form functional groups that react with functional groups and adhere the particles to tissue, cells, or extracellular materials, such as proteins.

Core-shell particles and methods of making and using thereof are described herein. The core is formed of or contains one or more hydrophobic materials or more hydrophobic materials. The shell is formed of or contains hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG). The HPG coating can be modified to adjust the properties of the particles. Unmodified HPG coatings impart stealth properties to the particles which resist non-specific protein absorption and increase circulation in the blood. The hydroxyl groups on the HPG coating can be chemically modified to form functional groups that react with functional groups and adhere the particles to tissue, cells, or extracellular materials, such as proteins.

A process for refining a crude ethylene glycol stream comprising monoethylene glycol and at least one acid contaminant is disclosed. The process comprises reacting the acid contaminant with the monoethylene glycol in at least one reaction zone to form an ester and removing the ester in a separation step.

A process for refining a crude ethylene glycol stream comprising monoethylene glycol and at least one acid contaminant is disclosed. The process comprises reacting the acid contaminant with the monoethylene glycol in at least one reaction zone to form an ester and removing the ester in a separation step.

Provided is a method for purifying organic acids, comprising: a first extraction, comprising separating an aqueous solution of organic acids into a first organic layer and a first aqueous solution layer by adding a solvent containing an amine and an alcohol; removing the alcohol from the separated first organic layer; and a second extraction, comprising separating the first organic layer from which the alcohol has been removed into a second organic layer and a second aqueous solution layer by adding water.

Provided is a method for purifying organic acids, comprising: a first extraction, comprising separating an aqueous solution of organic acids into a first organic layer and a first aqueous solution layer by adding a solvent containing an amine and an alcohol; removing the alcohol from the separated first organic layer; and a second extraction, comprising separating the first organic layer from which the alcohol has been removed into a second organic layer and a second aqueous solution layer by adding water.