Core-shell particles and methods of making and using thereof are described herein. The core is formed of or contains one or more hydrophobic materials or more hydrophobic materials. The shell is formed of or contains hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG). The HPG coating can be modified to adjust the properties of the particles. Unmodified HPG coatings impart stealth properties to the particles which resist non-specific protein absorption and increase circulation in the blood. The hydroxyl groups on the HPG coating can be chemically modified to form functional groups that react with functional groups and adhere the particles to tissue, cells, or extracellular materials, such as proteins.

Provided is a method for purifying organic acids, including: a first extraction which includes separating an aqueous solution of organic acids into a first organic layer and a first aqueous solution layer by adding a solvent containing an amine and an alcohol; removing the alcohol from the separated first organic layer; and a second extraction which includes separating the first organic layer from which the alcohol has been removed into a second organic layer and a second aqueous solution layer by adding water.

Provided is a method for purifying organic acids, including: a first extraction which includes separating an aqueous solution of organic acids into a first organic layer and a first aqueous solution layer by adding a solvent containing an amine and an alcohol; removing the alcohol from the separated first organic layer; and a second extraction which includes separating the first organic layer from which the alcohol has been removed into a second organic layer and a second aqueous solution layer by adding water.

The present invention relates to a method of synthesizing at least one organic acid comprising oxidizing glycolaldehyde with nitric acid in the presence of a solvent. Advantageously, it is an industrially applicable process, which prepares organic acid, notably glycolic acid and/or glyoxylic acid in a high yield based on bio-based feedstocks.

The present invention relates to a method of synthesizing at least one organic acid comprising oxidizing glycolaldehyde with nitric acid in the presence of a solvent. Advantageously, it is an industrially applicable process, which prepares organic acid, notably glycolic acid and/or glyoxylic acid in a high yield based on bio-based feedstocks.

The present invention relates to new pharmaceutical salts and/or co-crystals of sepiapterin which exhibit improved properties. In particular, the invention relates to salts of sepiapterin with improved stability. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions including a pharmaceutically effective amount of one or more salts and/or co-crystals of sepiapterin, as well as methods of treating tetrahydrobiopterin-related disorders including administration of a sepiapterin salt and/or co-crystal of the invention to a subject in need thereof.

Acid addition salt of apomorphine glycolate, acid addition salt of apomorphine sulfamate, and acid addition salt of apomorphine isobutyrate salts are disclosed. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions (e.g., unit dosage forms, e.g., films) containing acid addition salt of apomorphine glycolate, acid addition salt of apomorphine sulfamate, or acid addition salt of apomorphine isobutyrate. Further disclosed are methods of use of acid addition salt of apomorphine glycolate, acid addition salt of apomorphine sulfamate, or acid addition salt of apomorphine isobutyrate.

Crystalline forms of 5-(4-cyclopropyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-N-(6-(4-isopropyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2-fluoro-4-methylbenzamide (Compound I) were prepared and characterized in the solid state: ##STR00001##
Also provided are processes of manufacture and methods of using the crystalline forms.

Crystalline forms of 5-(4-cyclopropyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-N-(6-(4-isopropyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2-fluoro-4-methylbenzamide (Compound I) were prepared and characterized in the solid state: ##STR00001##
Also provided are processes of manufacture and methods of using the crystalline forms.

Core-shell particles and methods of making and using thereof are described herein. The core is formed of or contains one or more hydrophobic materials or more hydrophobic materials. The shell is formed of or contains hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG). The HPG coating can be modified to adjust the properties of the particles. Unmodified HPG coatings impart stealth properties to the particles which resist non-specific protein absorption and increase circulation in the blood. The hydroxyl groups on the HPG coating can be chemically modified to form functional groups that react with functional groups and adhere the particles to tissue, cells, or extracellular materials, such as proteins.