The present disclosure provides a method for extracting alpha-ketoglutarate and pyruvate simultaneously from microbial fermentation broth or enzyme transformation solution, which is related to the technical field of biological separation and extraction. The method comprises the following steps: centrifuging the microbial fermentation broth or enzymatic conversion solution containing -KG and PA to remove the cells and other visible solids; removing the macromolecular impurities by ultrafiltration; evaporating and concentrating under reduced pressure conditions; extracting with the water-insoluble extraction after acidification; separating crude crystals of -KG and crude liquid of PA by evaporation crystallization method (if concentration of PA is great higher than that of -KG, crystallization separation should be conducted after distilling partial pure pyruvate); washing the crude crystal of -KG with water-insoluble organic solvent as ethyl acetate or butyl acetate, drying and crushing to obtain qualified -KG; distilling to gain qualified PA product applying high vacuum distillation (or molecular distillation).

The present disclosure provides a method for extracting alpha-ketoglutarate and pyruvate simultaneously from microbial fermentation broth or enzyme transformation solution, which is related to the technical field of biological separation and extraction. The method comprises the following steps: centrifuging the microbial fermentation broth or enzymatic conversion solution containing -KG and PA to remove the cells and other visible solids; removing the macromolecular impurities by ultrafiltration; evaporating and concentrating under reduced pressure conditions; extracting with the water-insoluble extraction after acidification; separating crude crystals of -KG and crude liquid of PA by evaporation crystallization method (if concentration of PA is great higher than that of -KG, crystallization separation should be conducted after distilling partial pure pyruvate); washing the crude crystal of -KG with water-insoluble organic solvent as ethyl acetate or butyl acetate, drying and crushing to obtain qualified -KG; distilling to gain qualified PA product applying high vacuum distillation (or molecular distillation).

An electrode catalyst of the present invention contains an electrically conductive material carrying a metal or a metal oxide, and has an electrical conductivity at 30 C. of 110.sup.13 Scm.sup.1 or more.

Neat 4-azidobutylamine and sails of 4-azidobutylamine and processes for producing the same are described herein. Amines represent a large class of organic compounds containing a basic nitrogen atom having a lone pair of electrons and one or more substituent groups. Many amines are used as precursors and feedstocks in a wide variety of industries such as textiles, agriculture, plastics, and pharmaceuticals. One such amine is 4-azidobutylamine, N3-(CH2)4NH2, an amine of butane that also includes an azide.

A process for producing vinyl esters of carboxylic acids, especially vinyl esters of ketocarboxylic acids, which can be -ketocarboxylic acids or -ketocarboxylic acids. The vinyl esters of the carboxylic acids in their vinyl group can have hydrogen and have preferably deuterium in their vinyl group. The vinyl esters can be hydrogenated with para-hydrogen and the spin of the para-hydrogen can be transferred to the carbonyl carbon atom of the carboxyl group, which carbonyl-carbon atom is a .sup.13C, followed by hydrolysis of the ester group, producing carboxylic acids, especially ketocarboxylic acids having a hyperpolarized .sup.13C in the carbonyl carbon atom of the carboxyl group.

A process for producing vinyl esters of carboxylic acids, especially vinyl esters of ketocarboxylic acids, which can be -ketocarboxylic acids or -ketocarboxylic acids. The vinyl esters of the carboxylic acids in their vinyl group can have hydrogen and have preferably deuterium in their vinyl group. The vinyl esters can be hydrogenated with para-hydrogen and the spin of the para-hydrogen can be transferred to the carbonyl carbon atom of the carboxyl group, which carbonyl-carbon atom is a .sup.13C, followed by hydrolysis of the ester group, producing carboxylic acids, especially ketocarboxylic acids having a hyperpolarized .sup.13C in the carbonyl carbon atom of the carboxyl group.

Processes are disclosed for the synthesis of a cracked product or an end product, from a starting compound or substrate having a carbonyl functional group (CO), with hydroxy-substituted carbon atoms at alpha () and beta () positions, relative to the carbonyl functional group. According a particular embodiment, an -, -dihydroxy carboxylic acid or carboxylate is dehydrated to form a dicarbonyl intermediate by transformation of the -hydroxy group to a second carbonyl group and removal of the -hydroxy group. The dicarbonyl intermediate is cracked to form the cracked product, in which the first and second carbonyl groups are preserved. Either or both of (i) the cracked product and (ii) a second cracked product generated from cleavage of a carbon-carbon bond of the dicarbonyl intermediate, may be further converted (e.g., by hydrogenation) to one or more end products, which, like the cracked product(s), also having fewer carbon atoms relative to the dicarbonyl intermediate and substrate.

Processes are disclosed for the synthesis of a cracked product or an end product, from a starting compound or substrate having a carbonyl functional group (CO), with hydroxy-substituted carbon atoms at alpha () and beta () positions, relative to the carbonyl functional group. According a particular embodiment, an -, -dihydroxy carboxylic acid or carboxylate is dehydrated to form a dicarbonyl intermediate by transformation of the -hydroxy group to a second carbonyl group and removal of the -hydroxy group. The dicarbonyl intermediate is cracked to form the cracked product, in which the first and second carbonyl groups are preserved. Either or both of (i) the cracked product and (ii) a second cracked product generated from cleavage of a carbon-carbon bond of the dicarbonyl intermediate, may be further converted (e.g., by hydrogenation) to one or more end products, which, like the cracked product(s), also having fewer carbon atoms relative to the dicarbonyl intermediate and substrate.

Processes are disclosed for the synthesis of a cracked product or an end product, from a starting compound or substrate having a carbonyl functional group (CO), with hydroxy-substituted carbon atoms at alpha () and beta () positions, relative to the carbonyl functional group. According a particular embodiment, an -, -dihydroxy carboxylic acid or carboxylate is dehydrated to form a dicarbonyl intermediate by transformation of the -hydroxy group to a second carbonyl group and removal of the -hydroxy group. The dicarbonyl intermediate is cracked to form the cracked product, in which the first and second carbonyl groups are preserved. Either or both of (i) the cracked product and (ii) a second cracked product generated from cleavage of a carbon-carbon bond of the dicarbonyl intermediate, may be further converted (e.g., by hydrogenation) to one or more end products, which, like the cracked product(s), also having fewer carbon atoms relative to the dicarbonyl intermediate and substrate.

The present disclosure provides salt forms of Compound 1,

##STR00001##