Cell binding agent-drug conjugates comprising bridge linkers, and methods of using such linkers and conjugates are provided.

Cell binding agent-drug conjugates comprising bridge linkers, and methods of using such linkers and conjugates are provided.

The invention relates to lipid compounds of formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts for the prevention and/or treatment of ophthalmic disorders such as retinal degenerative disorders and ocular inflammatory diseases: (I) (wherein R.sup.1 is either a C.sub.9 to C.sub.22 alkyl group, or a C.sub.9 to C.sub.22 alkenyl group having from 1 to 6 double bonds; R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a carboxy group, an acyl group, an amino group, and an alkylamino group; R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom, or a group R.sup.2; R.sup.4 is a carboxylic acid or a derivative thereof; and X is methylene (CH.sub.2), or an oxygen or sulfur atom).

##STR00001##

The invention relates to lipid compounds of formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts for the prevention and/or treatment of ophthalmic disorders such as retinal degenerative disorders and ocular inflammatory diseases: (I) (wherein R.sup.1 is either a C.sub.9 to C.sub.22 alkyl group, or a C.sub.9 to C.sub.22 alkenyl group having from 1 to 6 double bonds; R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a carboxy group, an acyl group, an amino group, and an alkylamino group; R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom, or a group R.sup.2; R.sup.4 is a carboxylic acid or a derivative thereof; and X is methylene (CH.sub.2), or an oxygen or sulfur atom).

##STR00001##

Disclosed herein are palladium-catalyzed dehydrogenation processes of carboxylic acids to make ?, ?-unsaturated carboxylic acids or ?-alkylidene butenolides. The processes allow the chemoselective dehydrogenation of carboxylic acids in the presence of other enolizable functionalities such as ketones, providing reactivity that is inaccessible with existing carbonyl desaturation protocols.

Disclosed herein are palladium-catalyzed dehydrogenation processes of carboxylic acids to make ?, ?-unsaturated carboxylic acids or ?-alkylidene butenolides. The processes allow the chemoselective dehydrogenation of carboxylic acids in the presence of other enolizable functionalities such as ketones, providing reactivity that is inaccessible with existing carbonyl desaturation protocols.

The present disclosure provides 15-oxo-EPA and 15-oxo-DGLA, compositions comprising 15-oxo-EPA and/or 15-oxo-DGLA, and methods of treating and/or preventing fibrosis, skin disorders, inflammation, kidney disease or renal dysfunction in a subject in need thereof by administering 15-oxo-EPA and/or 15-oxo-DGLA.

The present disclosure provides 15-oxo-EPA and 15-oxo-DGLA, compositions comprising 15-oxo-EPA and/or 15-oxo-DGLA, and methods of treating and/or preventing fibrosis, skin disorders, inflammation, kidney disease or renal dysfunction in a subject in need thereof by administering 15-oxo-EPA and/or 15-oxo-DGLA.

The present invention relates to catalytic conversion of ketoacids, including methods for increasing the molecular weight of ketoacids, the method can include providing in a reactor a feedstock comprising at least one ketoacid, water and a base. The feedstock is then subjected to base catalysed condensation reactions.

The present invention relates to catalytic conversion of ketoacids, including methods for increasing the molecular weight of ketoacids, the method can include providing in a reactor a feedstock comprising at least one ketoacid, water and a base. The feedstock is then subjected to base catalysed condensation reactions.