A method of reducing the virulence of a bacterium that expresses accessory gene regulator A (AgrA) includes administering to the bacterium an amount of AgrA antagonist effective to inhibit the synthesis of one or more virulence factors by the bacterium.

A method of reducing the virulence of a bacterium that expresses accessory gene regulator A (AgrA) includes administering to the bacterium an amount of AgrA antagonist effective to inhibit the synthesis of one or more virulence factors by the bacterium.

The invention provides synthetic processes and synthetic intermediates that can be used to prepare a compound of formula (I): or a salt thereof.

Uric acid in mammalian subjects is reduced and excretion of uric acid is increased by administering a compound of Formula I. The uric acid-lowering effects of the compounds of this invention are used to treat or prevent a variety of conditions including gout, hyperuricemia, elevated levels of uric acid that do not meet the levels customarily justifying a diagnosis of hyperuricemia, renal dysfunction, kidney stones, cardiovascular disease, risk for developing cardiovascular disease, tumor-lysis syndrome, cognitive impairment, early-onset essential hypertension, and Plasmodium falciparum-induced inflammation. ##STR00001## In Formula I, t is 0 or 1; q is 0 or 1; and r is 0, 1 or 2. R.sup.7 is hydrogen or alkyl having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms. R.sup.6 is hydrogen, hydroxy, halo, alkyl having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, alkoxy having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, nitro, thio, alkylthio, or cyano. X is C(O) or NH(R.sup.8) wherein R.sup.8 is hydrogen or alkyl having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms; provided that when X is C(O), r is 0 and t is 0. A is phenyl, unsubstituted or substituted by 1 or 2 groups selected from halo, hydroxy, methyl, ethyl, perfluoromethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, perfluoromethoxy, nitro, and amino; or a 5 or 6 membered heteroaromatic ring having 1 or 2 ring heteroatoms selected from N, S and O and the heteroaromatic ring is covalently bound to the remainder of the compound of Formula I by a ring carbon; or cycloalkyl having from 3 to 6 ring carbon atoms wherein the cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or one or two ring carbons are independently monosubstituted by methyl or ethyl.

Uric acid in mammalian subjects is reduced and excretion of uric acid is increased by administering a compound of Formula I. The uric acid-lowering effects of the compounds of this invention are used to treat or prevent a variety of conditions including gout, hyperuricemia, elevated levels of uric acid that do not meet the levels customarily justifying a diagnosis of hyperuricemia, renal dysfunction, kidney stones, cardiovascular disease, risk for developing cardiovascular disease, tumor-lysis syndrome, cognitive impairment, early-onset essential hypertension, and Plasmodium falciparum-induced inflammation. ##STR00001## In Formula I, t is 0 or 1; q is 0 or 1; and r is 0, 1 or 2. R.sup.7 is hydrogen or alkyl having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms. R.sup.6 is hydrogen, hydroxy, halo, alkyl having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, alkoxy having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, nitro, thio, alkylthio, or cyano. X is C(O) or NH(R.sup.8) wherein R.sup.8 is hydrogen or alkyl having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms; provided that when X is C(O), r is 0 and t is 0. A is phenyl, unsubstituted or substituted by 1 or 2 groups selected from halo, hydroxy, methyl, ethyl, perfluoromethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, perfluoromethoxy, nitro, and amino; or a 5 or 6 membered heteroaromatic ring having 1 or 2 ring heteroatoms selected from N, S and O and the heteroaromatic ring is covalently bound to the remainder of the compound of Formula I by a ring carbon; or cycloalkyl having from 3 to 6 ring carbon atoms wherein the cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or one or two ring carbons are independently monosubstituted by methyl or ethyl.

The invention relates to pyridone amide compounds of formula I and I or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, useful as inhibitors of sodium channels: ##STR00001## The invention also provides pharmaceutically acceptable compositions comprising the compounds of the invention and methods of using the compositions in the treatment of various disorders, including pain.

Methods are provided for modulating MRGPR X4 generally, or for treating a MRGPR X4 dependent condition more specifically, by contacting the MRGPR X4 or administering to a subject in need thereof, respectively, an effective amount of a compound having the structure of Formula (I):

##STR00001##

or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein n, x, A, Q.sub.1, Q.sub.2, Z, R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are as defined herein. Pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, as well as to compounds themselves, are also provided.

Provided are a carboxylate capable of producing a resist pattern with satisfactory CD uniformity (CDU), and a resist composition. Disclosed are a carboxylate represented by formula (I) and a resist composition: ##STR00001##
wherein Ar represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, X.sup.1 represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, R.sup.1 represents a halogen atom or a haloalkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 represents a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a haloalkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, CH.sub.2 included in the haloalkyl group and the alkyl group may be replaced by O or CO, m1 represents an integer of 1 to 6, m2 represents an integer of 0 to 4, and Z.sup.+ represents an organic cation.

This invention provides a compound that is 4,4-(4-Carboxy)-4-nonyloxy-[1,1-biphenyl]-3,5-diyl)dibutanoic acid (CNBDA), derivative compounds of CNBDA, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof. The derivative compounds of CNBDA have one or more of the following substitutions (a) replacement of one or both of the carboxylic acid groups of the CNBDA compound with an organic acid group having 1-3, or 5-30, or more carbon atoms in chain length, wherein the carbon atom chains are either saturated, partially saturated, or unsaturated with respect to the carbon to carbon bonding, (b) replacement of the carboxylic groups of (a) with a phosphate, a sulphate, an amide, a hydroxyl, an aldehyde, or a halide group, and (c) replacement of the nonane group with an alkane having a carbon chain length of 1-8 or 10-30, or more carbon atoms. A method of treating a patient having cancer is provided.

The invention relates to pyridone amide compounds of formula I and I or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, useful as inhibitors of sodium channels:

##STR00001##

The invention also provides pharmaceutically acceptable compositions comprising the compounds of the invention and methods of using the compositions in the treatment of various disorders, including pain.