The present invention generally relates to processes for converting acrylate esters or a derivative thereof to difluoropropionic acid or a derivative thereof. This process is generally performed using fluorine gas in a hydrofluorocarbon solvent.

Disclosed are a method for preparing 2-(cyclohexenylidene) malonic acid derivatives and uses thereof. In this method, an olefin and a 2-substituted malonic acid derivative are used as starting materials to prepare the 2-(cyclohexenylidene) malonic acid derivative in the presence of a catalyst through cyclization reaction. This method has the following advantages: (1) the method can be very efficiently used for the synthesis of highly sterically-hindered 2-(2,6-disubstituted cyclohexenylidene) malonic acid derivatives; (2) the reaction yield is high, the reaction conditions are mild, and the wastes are less, favorable for industrial production. More importantly, the present invention extends the further use of 2-(cyclohexenylidene)malonic acid derivatives in organic synthesis, especially in the synthesis of 2-aryl malonic acid derivatives and their corresponding drugs such as Pinoxaden.

The present disclosure provides methods for enantioselective synthesis of acyclic -quaternary carboxylic acid derivatives via iridium-catalyzed allylic alkylation.

The present disclosure provides methods for enantioselective synthesis of acyclic -quaternary carboxylic acid derivatives via iridium-catalyzed allylic alkylation.

The present invention generally relates to processes for converting acrylate esters or a derivative thereof to difluoropropionic acid or a derivative thereof. This process is generally performed using fluorine gas in a hydrofluorocarbon solvent.

The present invention generally relates to processes for converting acrylate esters or a derivative thereof to difluoropropionic acid or a derivative thereof. This process is generally performed using fluorine gas in a hydrofluorocarbon solvent.

The present invention relates to a new process for synthesizing an amido alkyl betaine starting from a linear alcohol having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, to an amido alkyl betaine prepared by the process with increased viscosity in water, and also to use thereof as a viscoelastic surfactant in oil and gas applications and home personal care applications. The present invention also relates to a process for synthesizing an amido amine starting from a linear alcohol having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, and to an amido amine prepared by the process.

The present invention relates to a new process for synthesizing an amido alkyl betaine starting from a linear alcohol having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, to an amido alkyl betaine prepared by the process with increased viscosity in water, and also to use thereof as a viscoelastic surfactant in oil and gas applications and home personal care applications. The present invention also relates to a process for synthesizing an amido amine starting from a linear alcohol having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, and to an amido amine prepared by the process.

The present invention relates to a new process for synthesizing an amido alkyl betaine starting from a linear alcohol having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, to an amido alkyl betaine prepared by the process with increased viscosity in water, and also to use thereof as a viscoelastic surfactant in oil and gas applications and home personal care applications. The present invention also relates to a process for synthesizing an amido amine starting from a linear alcohol having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, and to an amido amine prepared by the process.

The present disclosure generally relates to processes for converting acrylate esters or a derivative thereof to difluoropropionic acid or a derivative thereof. This process is generally performed using fluorine gas in a hydrofluorocarbon solvent. In particular, a continuous process for fluorinating a double bond is disclosed, the process comprising forming a reaction stream comprising a compound of formula 1 or formula 5 dissolved in a hydrofluorocarbon or fluorocarbon solvent, ##STR00001##
wherein R.sub.1 is hydroxy, alkoxy, chloro, or OC(O)CH?CH.sub.2; the reaction stream flowing through a continuous fluorination reactor at a flow rate of from about 0.2 mL/minute to about 2 mL/minute and fluorine gas flows through the continuous fluorination reactor at a gas flow rate of from about 0.2 mmol/minute to about 2 mmol/minute; whereby reaction of the compound of formula 1 or formula 5 with the fluorine gas forms a compound of formula 2 or formula 6 ##STR00002##
wherein R.sub.2 is hydroxy, alkoxy, chloro, or OC(O)CHFCH.sub.2F.