A stable dispersant and an application thereof in preparing copolymer polyols, the preparation method for the stable dispersant including the steps of 1) contacting a polyol with a dianhydride compound for reaction so as to prepare an adduct; 2) performing a ring-opening addition reaction on the adduct obtained in step 1) and an epoxy compound to prepare a stable dispersant; the dianhydride compound does not contain a double bond that may copolymerize with an olefinically unsaturated monomer, while the epoxy compound contains a double bond that may copolymerize with an olefinically unsaturated monomer, the polyol is a polyester polyol and/or a polyether polyol, preferably being a polyether polyol. The stable dispersant obtained by means of the described preparation method has a multi-active site anchoring function, and is applied to the synthesis of copolymer polyols to obtain copolymer polyols having relatively uniform particle size.

A stable dispersant and an application thereof in preparing copolymer polyols, the preparation method for the stable dispersant including the steps of 1) contacting a polyol with a dianhydride compound for reaction so as to prepare an adduct; 2) performing a ring-opening addition reaction on the adduct obtained in step 1) and an epoxy compound to prepare a stable dispersant; the dianhydride compound does not contain a double bond that may copolymerize with an olefinically unsaturated monomer, while the epoxy compound contains a double bond that may copolymerize with an olefinically unsaturated monomer, the polyol is a polyester polyol and/or a polyether polyol, preferably being a polyether polyol. The stable dispersant obtained by means of the described preparation method has a multi-active site anchoring function, and is applied to the synthesis of copolymer polyols to obtain copolymer polyols having relatively uniform particle size.

The present invention describes storage-stable glycerol (meth)acrylate carboxylic esters and a method for preparing these esters.

The present invention describes storage-stable glycerol (meth)acrylate carboxylic esters and a method for preparing these esters.

A photopolymerization sensitizer may not cause problems of dusting or coloring of a cured product due to bleeding of additives such as the photopolymerization sensitizer on the surface, e.g., by blooming at the time of photo-curing or during storage of the cured product, and which provides a practically sufficient photo-curing rate. A 9,10-bis(alkoxycarbonylalkyleneoxy)anthracene compound having ester groups, of formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein A is a C.sub.1-20 alkylene group, optionally branched by an alkyl group, R is a C.sub.1-20 alkyl group, optionally branched by the alkyl group, the C.sub.1-20 alkyl group optionally being a cycloalkyl group or a cycloalkylalkyl group, and X and Y are independently a hydrogen, a C.sub.1-8 alkyl group, or a halogen.

A photopolymerization sensitizer may not cause problems of dusting or coloring of a cured product due to bleeding of additives such as the photopolymerization sensitizer on the surface, e.g., by blooming at the time of photo-curing or during storage of the cured product, and which provides a practically sufficient photo-curing rate. A 9,10-bis(alkoxycarbonylalkyleneoxy)anthracene compound having ester groups, of formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein A is a C.sub.1-20 alkylene group, optionally branched by an alkyl group, R is a C.sub.1-20 alkyl group, optionally branched by the alkyl group, the C.sub.1-20 alkyl group optionally being a cycloalkyl group or a cycloalkylalkyl group, and X and Y are independently a hydrogen, a C.sub.1-8 alkyl group, or a halogen.

Addition-fragmentation agents of the formula are disclosed: ##STR00001##
wherein
R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each independently Z-Q-, a (hetero)alkyl group or a (hetero)aryl group with the proviso that at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is Z.sub.m-Q-,
Q is a linking group have a valence of m+1;
Z is an ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable group,
m is 1 to 6;
each X.sup.1 is independently O or NR.sup.4, where R.sup.4 is H or C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, and
n is 0 or 1.

Addition-fragmentation agents of the formula are disclosed: ##STR00001##
wherein
R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each independently Z-Q-, a (hetero)alkyl group or a (hetero)aryl group with the proviso that at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is Z.sub.m-Q-,
Q is a linking group have a valence of m+1;
Z is an ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable group,
m is 1 to 6;
each X.sup.1 is independently O or NR.sup.4, where R.sup.4 is H or C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, and
n is 0 or 1.

Addition-fragmentation agents of the formula are disclosed: ##STR00001##
wherein
R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each independently Z-Q-, a (hetero)alkyl group or a (hetero)aryl group with the proviso that at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is Z.sub.m-Q-,
Q is a linking group have a valence of m+1;
Z is an ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable group,
m is 1 to 6;
each X.sup.1 is independently O or NR.sup.4, where R.sup.4 is H or C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, and
n is 0 or 1.

A method is disclosed. The method includes receiving transaction data in an authorization request message from an access device, where the transaction data is associated with a merchant and a transaction location. The method also includes analyzing the transaction data to determine if a location database comprises location data corresponding to the merchant associated with the transaction data, and adding the transaction location and information regarding the access device to the location database.