Disclosed herein is a process for chemically synthesizing of hydroquinone derivatives, especially for hydroquinone derivatives with heptadecatrienyl side chain, which is synthesized via a Wittig reaction of 2-(10-oxononyl)-1,4-diacetoxyl benzene and (3E, 5Z)-3,5-heptadien-1-triphenylphosphonium iodide and then deacetylation. In addition, the product is solid powder.

Disclosed herein is a process for chemically synthesizing of hydroquinone derivatives, especially for hydroquinone derivatives with heptadecatrienyl side chain, which is synthesized via a Wittig reaction of 2-(10-oxononyl)-1,4-diacetoxyl benzene and (3E, 5Z)-3,5-heptadien-1-triphenylphosphonium iodide and then deacetylation. In addition, the product is solid powder.

Disclosed herein is a process for chemically synthesizing of hydroquinone derivatives, especially for hydroquinone derivatives with heptadecatrienyl side chain, which is synthesized via a Wittig reaction of 2-(10-oxononyl)-1,4-diacetoxyl benzene and (3E, 5Z)-3,5-heptadien-1-triphenylphosphonium iodide and then deacetylation. In addition, the product is solid powder.

Provided is a method for producing a fluorine-containing organic compound. The method can immediately detect the occurrence of a side reaction in direct fluorination reaction using fluorine gas and can give a highly pure fluorine-containing organic compound at a high yield. A raw material liquid (1) containing a raw material organic compound having a hydrogen atom and two or more carbon atoms is reacted with fluorine gas in a reaction container (11) to replace the hydrogen atom of the raw material organic compound with a fluorine atom to give a fluorine-containing organic compound. In the reaction, tetrafluoromethane contained in a gas phase (2) in the reaction container (11) is continuously measured, and the amount of the fluorine gas supplied to the reaction container (11) is controlled depending on the measured value of the tetrafluoromethane.

Provided is a method for producing a fluorine-containing organic compound. The method can immediately detect the occurrence of a side reaction in direct fluorination reaction using fluorine gas and can give a highly pure fluorine-containing organic compound at a high yield. A raw material liquid (1) containing a raw material organic compound having a hydrogen atom and two or more carbon atoms is reacted with fluorine gas in a reaction container (11) to replace the hydrogen atom of the raw material organic compound with a fluorine atom to give a fluorine-containing organic compound. In the reaction, tetrafluoromethane contained in a gas phase (2) in the reaction container (11) is continuously measured, and the amount of the fluorine gas supplied to the reaction container (11) is controlled depending on the measured value of the tetrafluoromethane.

The present invention relates to a method for the acetylation of an aqueous solution of lactic acid to (S)-2-acetyloxypropionic acid. The process comprises in particular removing water from the solution of lactic acid and reacting lactic acid with acetic anhydride in the presence of acetic acid.

The present invention relates to a method for the acetylation of an aqueous solution of lactic acid to (S)-2-acetyloxypropionic acid. The process comprises in particular removing water from the solution of lactic acid and reacting lactic acid with acetic anhydride in the presence of acetic acid.

The present invention relates to a method for the acetylation of an aqueous solution of lactic acid to (S)-2-acetyloxypropionic acid. The process comprises in particular removing water from the solution of lactic acid and reacting lactic acid with acetic anhydride in the presence of acetic acid.

Some embodiments of the invention include inventive catalysts (e.g., compounds of Formula (I) or (Ia)). Other embodiments include compositions comprising the inventive catalysts. Some embodiments include methods of using the inventive catalysts (e.g., in hydrofluorination of an organic compound). Further embodiments include methods for making the inventive catalysts. Additional embodiments of the invention are also discussed herein.

Some embodiments of the invention include inventive catalysts (e.g., compounds of Formula (I) or (Ia)). Other embodiments include compositions comprising the inventive catalysts. Some embodiments include methods of using the inventive catalysts (e.g., in hydrofluorination of an organic compound). Further embodiments include methods for making the inventive catalysts. Additional embodiments of the invention are also discussed herein.