The present invention provides: an acetal compound represented by the following general formula (1):

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wherein R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having from 5 to 12 carbon atoms or an acyl group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms; n represents an integer from 1 to 5; m represents an integer from 2 to 4; and Ar represents a residue obtained by removing a hydrogen atom(s) from the hydroxyl groups of a polyhydric phenol having a valence of m; and a resist composition for forming a thick resist film, including the same.

The present invention provides: an acetal compound represented by the following general formula (1):

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having from 5 to 12 carbon atoms or an acyl group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms; n represents an integer from 1 to 5; m represents an integer from 2 to 4; and Ar represents a residue obtained by removing a hydrogen atom(s) from the hydroxyl groups of a polyhydric phenol having a valence of m; and a resist composition for forming a thick resist film, including the same.

A process for synthesizing at least one levulinate ester, said process comprising the reaction of furfuryl alcohol with at least one other alcohol in the presence of water and at least one catalyst, said furfuryl alcohol being present in a quantity of at least 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the alcohols, and said catalyst comprising at least one triflate ligand and at least one metal selected from bismuth, gallium, aluminum, tin and iron.

A process for synthesizing at least one levulinate ester, said process comprising the reaction of furfuryl alcohol with at least one other alcohol in the presence of water and at least one catalyst, said furfuryl alcohol being present in a quantity of at least 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the alcohols, and said catalyst comprising at least one triflate ligand and at least one metal selected from bismuth, gallium, aluminum, tin and iron.

Provided are methods for the isolation of phorbol from seed sources and the use of the phorbol for the generation of tigliane tiglate and derivatives thereof.

Provided are methods for the isolation of phorbol from seed sources and the use of the phorbol for the generation of tigliane tiglate and derivatives thereof.

There is described a method of preparing a compound of formula I, and optical isomers thereof; in which R.sup.1 is hydrogen or a protecting group; said method comprising oxidizing verbenone and optical isomers thereof. ##STR00001##

There is described a method of preparing a compound of formula I, and optical isomers thereof; in which R.sup.1 is hydrogen or a protecting group; said method comprising oxidizing verbenone and optical isomers thereof. ##STR00001##

There is described a method of preparing a compound of formula I, and optical isomers thereof; in which R.sup.1 is hydrogen or a protecting group; said method comprising oxidizing verbenone and optical isomers thereof. ##STR00001##

Disclosed is a compound represented by formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, preparation method thereof, and use thereof in preventing or treating fatty liver or in preparing pharmaceuticals for weight loss.

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