A process for the conversion of a feedstock containing one or more fatty acid triglycerides to a mixture containing one or more fatty acid alkyl esters and t-alkyl glycerols, including reacting the feedstock with a compound of formula (I):
ROR.sup.I(I) wherein: R.sup.I is an alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1-18 carbon atoms; R is H or a tertiary alkyl group, wherein the reaction takes place in the presence of an acid transesterification catalyst by irradiation with microwaves and/or ultrasound and/or radio waves.

A process for the conversion of a feedstock containing one or more fatty acid triglycerides to a mixture containing one or more fatty acid alkyl esters and t-alkyl glycerols, including reacting the feedstock with a compound of formula (I):
ROR.sup.I(I) wherein: R.sup.I is an alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1-18 carbon atoms; R is H or a tertiary alkyl group, wherein the reaction takes place in the presence of an acid transesterification catalyst by irradiation with microwaves and/or ultrasound and/or radio waves.

Provided is a 1-(2-acyloxyethyl)cyclopropyl sulfonate compound of General Formula (2): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 is a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and optionally containing one or more unsaturated bonds and Z is a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and optionally containing one or more unsaturated bonds.

The present invention relates to methods of producing ingenol-3-angelate (I) from ingenol (II). ##STR00001## Furthermore, the invention relates to intermediates useful for the synthesis of ingenol-3-angelate (I) from ingenol (II) and to methods of producing said intermediates.

The present invention relates to methods of producing ingenol-3-angelate (I) from ingenol (II). ##STR00001## Furthermore, the invention relates to intermediates useful for the synthesis of ingenol-3-angelate (I) from ingenol (II) and to methods of producing said intermediates.

The present invention relates to methods of producing ingenol-3-angelate (I) from ingenol (II). ##STR00001## Furthermore, the invention relates to intermediates useful for the synthesis of ingenol-3-angelate (I) from ingenol (II) and to methods of producing said intermediates.

Provided is a simple, selective and efficient method for producing 4-alkyl-3-methylenebutyl carboxylates such as 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenyl propionate. More specifically, provided is, for example, a method for producing a 4-alkyl-3-methylenebutyl carboxylate compound, comprising an acyloxylation step of subjecting a 1-(2-haloethyl)cyclopropyl sulfonate compound (1) to acyloxylation to obtain a 1-(2-acyloxyethyl)cyclopropyl sulfonate compound (2), a halogenation step of subjecting the compound (2) to halogenation involving cyclopropyl-allyl rearrangement to obtain a 3-halomethyl-3-butenyl carboxylate compound (3), and a coupling step of subjecting the compound (3) to a coupling reaction with an organometallic reagent (4) to obtain the 4-alkyl-3-methylenebutyl carboxylate compound (5).

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to novel Ruthenium complexes and related borohydride complexes, and their use for (1) hydrogenation of amides (including polyamides) to alcohols and amines; (2) preparing amides from alcohols with amines (including preparing polyamides (e.g., polypeptides) by reacting dialcohols and diamines or by polymerization of amino alcohols); (3) hydrogenation of esters to alcohols (including hydrogenation of cyclic esters (lactones), cyclic di-esters (di-lactones) or polyesters); (4) hydrogenation of organic carbonates (including polycarbonates) to alcohols and of carbamates (including polycarbamates) or urea derivatives to alcohols and amines; (5) dehydrogenative coupling of alcohols to esters; (6) hydrogenation of secondary alcohols to ketones; (7) amidation of esters (synthesis of amides from esters and amines); (8) acylation of alcohols using esters; (9) coupling of alcohols with water to form carboxylic acids; and (10) dehydrogenation of beta-amino alcohols to form pyrazines. The present invention further relates to novel uses of certain pyridine Ruthenium complexes.

The present invention relates to novel Ruthenium complexes and related borohydride complexes, and their use for (1) hydrogenation of amides (including polyamides) to alcohols and amines; (2) preparing amides from alcohols with amines (including preparing polyamides (e.g., polypeptides) by reacting dialcohols and diamines or by polymerization of amino alcohols); (3) hydrogenation of esters to alcohols (including hydrogenation of cyclic esters (lactones), cyclic di-esters (di-lactones) or polyesters); (4) hydrogenation of organic carbonates (including polycarbonates) to alcohols and of carbamates (including polycarbamates) or urea derivatives to alcohols and amines; (5) dehydrogenative coupling of alcohols to esters; (6) hydrogenation of secondary alcohols to ketones; (7) amidation of esters (synthesis of amides from esters and amines); (8) acylation of alcohols using esters; (9) coupling of alcohols with water to form carboxylic acids; and (10) dehydrogenation of beta-amino alcohols to form pyrazines. The present invention further relates to novel uses of certain pyridine Ruthenium complexes.

The present invention provides a method for preparing ingenol-3-angelate.