The present invention concerns a catalyst system in particular a catalyst system comprising Palladium (Pd), a zwitterion and/or an acid-functionalized ionic liquid, and one or more phosphine ligands, wherein the Pd catalyst can be provided by a complex precursor, such as Pd(CH.sub.3COO).sub.2, PdCl.sub.2, Pd(CH.sub.3COCHCOCH.sub.3), Pd(CF.sub.3COO).sub.2, Pd(PPh.sub.3).sub.4 or Pd.sub.2(dibenzylideneacetone).sub.3. Such catalyst systems can be used for e.g. alkoxycarbonylation reactions, carboxylation reactions, and/or in a co-polymerization reaction, e.g. in the production of methyl propionate and/or propanoic acid, optionally in processes forming methyl methacrylate and/or methacrylic acid. Catalyst systems according to the invention are suitable for reactions forming separable product and catalyst phases and supported ionic liquid phase SILP applications.

The present invention concerns a catalyst system in particular a catalyst system comprising Palladium (Pd), a zwitterion and/or an acid-functionalized ionic liquid, and one or more phosphine ligands, wherein the Pd catalyst can be provided by a complex precursor, such as Pd(CH.sub.3COO).sub.2, PdCl.sub.2, Pd(CH.sub.3COCHCOCH.sub.3), Pd(CF.sub.3COO).sub.2, Pd(PPh.sub.3).sub.4 or Pd.sub.2(dibenzylideneacetone).sub.3. Such catalyst systems can be used for e.g. alkoxycarbonylation reactions, carboxylation reactions, and/or in a co-polymerization reaction, e.g. in the production of methyl propionate and/or propanoic acid, optionally in processes forming methyl methacrylate and/or methacrylic acid. Catalyst systems according to the invention are suitable for reactions forming separable product and catalyst phases and supported ionic liquid phase SILP applications.

The present invention concerns a catalyst system in particular a catalyst system comprising Palladium (Pd), a zwitterion and/or an acid-functionalized ionic liquid, and one or more phosphine ligands, wherein the Pd catalyst can be provided by a complex precursor, such as Pd(CH.sub.3COO).sub.2, PdCl.sub.2, Pd(CH.sub.3COCHCOCH.sub.3), Pd(CF.sub.3COO).sub.2, Pd(PPh.sub.3).sub.4 or Pd.sub.2(dibenzylideneacetone).sub.3. Such catalyst systems can be used for e.g. alkoxycarbonylation reactions, carboxylation reactions, and/or in a co-polymerization reaction, e.g. in the production of methyl propionate and/or propanoic acid, optionally in processes forming methyl methacrylate and/or methacrylic acid. Catalyst systems according to the invention are suitable for reactions forming separable product and catalyst phases and supported ionic liquid phase SILP applications.

The present invention provides a catalyst system capable of catalyzing the carbonylation of an ethylenically unsaturated compound, which system is obtainable by combining: a) a metal of Group VIB or Group VIIIB or a compound thereof, b) a bidentate phosphine, arsine or stibine ligand, and c) an acid,
wherein the ligand is present in at least a 2:1 molar excess compared to the metal or the metal in the metal compound, and that the acid is present in at least a 2:1 molar excess compared to the ligand, a process for the carbonylation of an ethylenically unsaturated compound, a reaction medium, and use of the system.

The present invention provides a catalyst system capable of catalyzing the carbonylation of an ethylenically unsaturated compound, which system is obtainable by combining: a) a metal of Group VIB or Group VIIIB or a compound thereof, b) a bidentate phosphine, arsine or stibine ligand, and c) an acid,
wherein the ligand is present in at least a 2:1 molar excess compared to the metal or the metal in the metal compound, and that the acid is present in at least a 2:1 molar excess compared to the ligand, a process for the carbonylation of an ethylenically unsaturated compound, a reaction medium, and use of the system.

The present invention provides a catalyst system capable of catalyzing the carbonylation of an ethylenically unsaturated compound, which system is obtainable by combining: a) a metal of Group VIB or Group VIIIB or a compound thereof, b) a bidentate phosphine, arsine or stibine ligand, and c) an acid,
wherein the ligand is present in at least a 2:1 molar excess compared to the metal or the metal in the metal compound, and that the acid is present in at least a 2:1 molar excess compared to the ligand, a process for the carbonylation of an ethylenically unsaturated compound, a reaction medium, and use of the system.

A method for preparing a partially fluorinated ester comprising acyl and alkoxy groups wherein the acyl group comprises a branched or linear fluorine containing C.sub.3-C.sub.8 group with one of the structures: (Formulae (I), (II)) wherein X and Y are independently selected from: —H, —CH.sub.3, —F, —Cl, —CH.sub.2F, —CF.sub.3—OCF.sub.3, —OCH.sub.2CF.sub.3, OCH.sub.2CF.sub.2CHF.sub.2 and —CH.sub.2CF.sub.3 (wherein both X and Y cannot be H) comprising reacting an unsaturated halocarbon: (Formula (III)) wherein A and B are independently selected from the group comprising —H, —CH.sub.3, —F, —Cl, —CH.sub.2F, —CF.sub.3, —OCF.sub.3, —OCH.sub.2CF.sub.3, OCH.sub.2CF.sub.2CHF.sub.2 and —CH.sub.2CF.sub.3 (wherein both A and B cannot be H) with carbon monoxide and an alcohol, in the presence of a catalyst methods.

##STR00001##

A method for preparing a partially fluorinated ester comprising acyl and alkoxy groups wherein the acyl group comprises a branched or linear fluorine containing C.sub.3-C.sub.8 group with one of the structures: (Formulae (I), (II)) wherein X and Y are independently selected from: —H, —CH.sub.3, —F, —Cl, —CH.sub.2F, —CF.sub.3—OCF.sub.3, —OCH.sub.2CF.sub.3, OCH.sub.2CF.sub.2CHF.sub.2 and —CH.sub.2CF.sub.3 (wherein both X and Y cannot be H) comprising reacting an unsaturated halocarbon: (Formula (III)) wherein A and B are independently selected from the group comprising —H, —CH.sub.3, —F, —Cl, —CH.sub.2F, —CF.sub.3, —OCF.sub.3, —OCH.sub.2CF.sub.3, OCH.sub.2CF.sub.2CHF.sub.2 and —CH.sub.2CF.sub.3 (wherein both A and B cannot be H) with carbon monoxide and an alcohol, in the presence of a catalyst methods.

##STR00001##

A method for preparing a partially fluorinated ester comprising acyl and alkoxy groups wherein the acyl group comprises a branched or linear fluorine containing C.sub.3-C.sub.8 group with one of the structures: (Formulae (I), (II)) wherein X and Y are independently selected from: —H, —CH.sub.3, —F, —Cl, —CH.sub.2F, —CF.sub.3—OCF.sub.3, —OCH.sub.2CF.sub.3, OCH.sub.2CF.sub.2CHF.sub.2 and —CH.sub.2CF.sub.3 (wherein both X and Y cannot be H) comprising reacting an unsaturated halocarbon: (Formula (III)) wherein A and B are independently selected from the group comprising —H, —CH.sub.3, —F, —Cl, —CH.sub.2F, —CF.sub.3, —OCF.sub.3, —OCH.sub.2CF.sub.3, OCH.sub.2CF.sub.2CHF.sub.2 and —CH.sub.2CF.sub.3 (wherein both A and B cannot be H) with carbon monoxide and an alcohol, in the presence of a catalyst methods.

##STR00001##

The present invention has an object of providing a carboxylate compound that is useful as a raw material for fragrance compositions and has a fruity aroma, a method for producing the same, and a fragrance composition containing the carboxylate compound.

The carboxylate compound of the present invention is represented by Formula (1).

##STR00001## where, R is an alkyl group having from 2 to 6 carbons.