Catalyst compositions comprising catalytic nanoparticles including copper distributed, dispersed on, or mixed with a promoter including magnesium oxide. Pre-catalyst compositions comprising nanoparticles including copper oxides or copper hydroxide distributed, dispersed on, or mixed with a promoter including magnesium oxide. The catalysts are used in a method of producing at least methyl formate and hydrogen by non-oxidative dehydrogenation of methanol, optionally comprising reducing a pre-catalyst in hydrogen at a select temperature to obtain a catalyst comprising catalytic nanoparticles including copper distributed, dispersed on, or mixed with a promoter including magnesium oxide, flowing a fluid composition containing at least methanol over the catalyst to produce methyl formate and hydrogen, and recovering one or more of the methyl formate and hydrogen. A method of preparing catalyst compositions is disclosed. Alternatively or in addition to copper, the catalytic metal can be palladium, nickel or platinum. Alternatively or in addition to magnesium oxide the promoter can comprise zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, silica, calcium oxide, strontium oxide, barium oxide, lanthanum III oxide, gallium oxide, alumina, cerium oxide, vanadium oxide, chromium oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, and combinations or mixtures thereof.

Catalyst compositions comprising catalytic nanoparticles including copper distributed, dispersed on, or mixed with a promoter including magnesium oxide. Pre-catalyst compositions comprising nanoparticles including copper oxides or copper hydroxide distributed, dispersed on, or mixed with a promoter including magnesium oxide. The catalysts are used in a method of producing at least methyl formate and hydrogen by non-oxidative dehydrogenation of methanol, optionally comprising reducing a pre-catalyst in hydrogen at a select temperature to obtain a catalyst comprising catalytic nanoparticles including copper distributed, dispersed on, or mixed with a promoter including magnesium oxide, flowing a fluid composition containing at least methanol over the catalyst to produce methyl formate and hydrogen, and recovering one or more of the methyl formate and hydrogen. A method of preparing catalyst compositions is disclosed. Alternatively or in addition to copper, the catalytic metal can be palladium, nickel or platinum. Alternatively or in addition to magnesium oxide the promoter can comprise zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, silica, calcium oxide, strontium oxide, barium oxide, lanthanum III oxide, gallium oxide, alumina, cerium oxide, vanadium oxide, chromium oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, and combinations or mixtures thereof.

Catalyst compositions comprising catalytic nanoparticles including copper distributed, dispersed on, or mixed with a promoter including magnesium oxide. Pre-catalyst compositions comprising nanoparticles including copper oxides or copper hydroxide distributed, dispersed on, or mixed with a promoter including magnesium oxide. The catalysts are used in a method of producing at least methyl formate and hydrogen by non-oxidative dehydrogenation of methanol, optionally comprising reducing a pre-catalyst in hydrogen at a select temperature to obtain a catalyst comprising catalytic nanoparticles including copper distributed, dispersed on, or mixed with a promoter including magnesium oxide, flowing a fluid composition containing at least methanol over the catalyst to produce methyl formate and hydrogen, and recovering one or more of the methyl formate and hydrogen. A method of preparing catalyst compositions is disclosed. Alternatively or in addition to copper, the catalytic metal can be palladium, nickel or platinum. Alternatively or in addition to magnesium oxide the promoter can comprise zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, silica, calcium oxide, strontium oxide, barium oxide, lanthanum III oxide, gallium oxide, alumina, cerium oxide, vanadium oxide, chromium oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, and combinations or mixtures thereof.

Embodiments include a system that may include a reactor including a reaction zone and a gas release zone separated by a selectively permeable membrane, wherein the selectively permeable membrane permits hydrogen to pass through the membrane and substantially blocks a substrate and its dehydrogenative coupling product from passing through the membrane. Embodiments further include a method of producing a dehydrogenative coupling product, wherein the method may include exposing a substrate to a catalyst in a reaction zone of a reactor; coupling the substrate to form the dehydrogenative coupling product and hydrogen; and separating the hydrogen from the dehydrogenative coupling product using a selectively permeable membrane and passing the hydrogen to a gas release zone of the reactor.

Embodiments include a system that may include a reactor including a reaction zone and a gas release zone separated by a selectively permeable membrane, wherein the selectively permeable membrane permits hydrogen to pass through the membrane and substantially blocks a substrate and its dehydrogenative coupling product from passing through the membrane. Embodiments further include a method of producing a dehydrogenative coupling product, wherein the method may include exposing a substrate to a catalyst in a reaction zone of a reactor; coupling the substrate to form the dehydrogenative coupling product and hydrogen; and separating the hydrogen from the dehydrogenative coupling product using a selectively permeable membrane and passing the hydrogen to a gas release zone of the reactor.

Disclosed herein is a process for chemically synthesizing of hydroquinone derivatives, especially for hydroquinone derivatives with heptadecatrienyl side chain, which is synthesized via a Wittig reaction of 2-(10′-oxononyl)-1,4-diacetoxyl benzene and (3E, 5Z)-3,5-heptadien-1-triphenylphosphonium iodide and then deacetylation. In addition, the product is solid powder.

Disclosed herein is a process for chemically synthesizing of hydroquinone derivatives, especially for hydroquinone derivatives with heptadecatrienyl side chain, which is synthesized via a Wittig reaction of 2-(10′-oxononyl)-1,4-diacetoxyl benzene and (3E, 5Z)-3,5-heptadien-1-triphenylphosphonium iodide and then deacetylation. In addition, the product is solid powder.

The present invention is directed at the conversion of ammonium nitrate and related compounds upon reaction with methane into compounds such as ethyl acetate, ammonia, nitrogen and hydrogen. The reaction may proceed within a fluid-solid type reactor. The reaction may be facilitated in the presence of inert or catalytic solids.

The present invention is directed at the conversion of ammonium nitrate and related compounds upon reaction with methane into compounds such as ethyl acetate, ammonia, nitrogen and hydrogen. The reaction may proceed within a fluid-solid type reactor. The reaction may be facilitated in the presence of inert or catalytic solids.

Process for the alkoxycarbonylation of trivinylcyclohexane.