In one embodiment, the present application discloses a surface binding compound of the Formula I or Formula II:

##STR00001##

wherein the variables EG, EG1, SP1, SP2, SP3, Ar and BG are as defined herein. In another embodiment, the application discloses a method for forming a coating on a surface of a substrate using the surface binding compound of the Formula I or Formula II.

In one embodiment, the present application discloses a surface binding compound of the Formula I or Formula II:

##STR00001##

wherein the variables EG, EG1, SP1, SP2, SP3, Ar and BG are as defined herein. In another embodiment, the application discloses a method for forming a coating on a surface of a substrate using the surface binding compound of the Formula I or Formula II.

A method of inhibiting the conversion of choline to trimethylamine (TMA) and lowering TMAO by providing a composition comprising a compound set forth in Formula (I): ##STR00001##

A method of inhibiting the conversion of choline to trimethylamine (TMA) and lowering TMAO by providing a composition comprising a compound set forth in Formula (I): ##STR00001##

In one embodiment, the present application discloses a surface binding compound of the Formula I or Formula II: ##STR00001##
wherein the variables EG, EG1, SP1, SP2, SP3, Ar and BG are as defined herein. In another embodiment, the application discloses a method for forming a coating on a surface of a substrate using the surface binding compound of the Formula I or Formula II.

In one embodiment, the present application discloses a surface binding compound of the Formula I or Formula II: ##STR00001##
wherein the variables EG, EG1, SP1, SP2, SP3, Ar and BG are as defined herein. In another embodiment, the application discloses a method for forming a coating on a surface of a substrate using the surface binding compound of the Formula I or Formula II.

The invention relates to a process for the chromatographic purification of a starting stream containing ammonium sulfate and 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionic acid, comprising: passage of the starting stream through a bed of stationary phase; elution of a raffinate enriched in ammonium sulfate and depleted in 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionic acid; and elution of an extract enriched in 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionic acid and depleted in ammonium sulfate.

The invention relates to a process for the chromatographic purification of a starting stream containing ammonium sulfate and 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionic acid, comprising: passage of the starting stream through a bed of stationary phase; elution of a raffinate enriched in ammonium sulfate and depleted in 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionic acid; and elution of an extract enriched in 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionic acid and depleted in ammonium sulfate.

In one embodiment, the present application discloses a surface binding compound of the Formula I or Formula II: ##STR00001##
wherein the variables EG, EG1, SP1, SP2, SP3, Ar and BG are as defined herein. In another embodiment, the application discloses a method for forming a coating on a surface of a substrate using the surface binding compound of the Formula I or Formula II.

In one embodiment, the present application discloses a surface binding compound of the Formula I or Formula II: ##STR00001##
wherein the variables EG, EG1, SP1, SP2, SP3, Ar and BG are as defined herein. In another embodiment, the application discloses a method for forming a coating on a surface of a substrate using the surface binding compound of the Formula I or Formula II.