In one embodiment, the present application discloses a photo-cleavable surface binding compound of the Formula I and Formula II: ##STR00001##
wherein the variables EG, EG1, SP1, SP2, SP3, Ar and BG are as defined herein. In another embodiment, the application discloses a method for forming a coating on a surface of a substrate using the surface binding compound.

An integrated process for the production of one or more acetylene derivatives is provided. The integrated process includes a) partially oxidizing a hydrocarbon feedstock to produce a partial oxidation mixture comprising H.sub.2, CO, and acetylene, b) providing the H.sub.2 and CO of the partial oxidation mixture to a collocated methanol production process to produce a methanol-containing effluent; c) providing the methanol-containing effluent to a collocated carbonylation process to produce an acetic acid-containing effluent; and d) providing the acetylene of the partial oxidation mixture and the acetic acid-containing effluent to one or more of the collocated acetylene-derivative processes following: i) a vinyl acetate monomer production process; ii) an oxidation unit for the production of formaldehyde from the methanol-containing effluent; iii) a vinyl chloride monomer production process, and/or iv) a 1,4-butanediol production process.

An integrated process for the production of one or more acetylene derivatives is provided. The integrated process includes a) partially oxidizing a hydrocarbon feedstock to produce a partial oxidation mixture comprising H.sub.2, CO, and acetylene, b) providing the H.sub.2 and CO of the partial oxidation mixture to a collocated methanol production process to produce a methanol-containing effluent; c) providing the methanol-containing effluent to a collocated carbonylation process to produce an acetic acid-containing effluent; and d) providing the acetylene of the partial oxidation mixture and the acetic acid-containing effluent to one or more of the collocated acetylene-derivative processes following: i) a vinyl acetate monomer production process; ii) an oxidation unit for the production of formaldehyde from the methanol-containing effluent; iii) a vinyl chloride monomer production process, and/or iv) a 1,4-butanediol production process.

A carboxylic acid is transvinylated with vinyl ester to give a vinyl ester product and the corresponding acid of the vinyl ester in the presence of a catalyst, at a temperature of 100 C. to 170 C. and a pressure of 2 bar abs. to 15 bar abs., wherein the vinyl ester, the carboxylic acid and the catalyst are supplied to a reactor, the transvinylation reaction is conducted, and, on the completion of the transvinylation, the vinyl ester product is separated from the reaction mixture by distillation, characterized in that the reaction mixture is decompressed in a decompression vessel, the gaseous phase obtained is condensed and recycled into the reactor without further purification, and the liquid phase obtained is freed of vinyl ester and corresponding acid with a first distillation, and the vinyl ester product is separated from the reaction mixture in a further distillation step.

A carboxylic acid is transvinylated with vinyl ester to give a vinyl ester product and the corresponding acid of the vinyl ester in the presence of a catalyst, at a temperature of 100 C. to 170 C. and a pressure of 2 bar abs. to 15 bar abs., wherein the vinyl ester, the carboxylic acid and the catalyst are supplied to a reactor, the transvinylation reaction is conducted, and, on the completion of the transvinylation, the vinyl ester product is separated from the reaction mixture by distillation, characterized in that the reaction mixture is decompressed in a decompression vessel, the gaseous phase obtained is condensed and recycled into the reactor without further purification, and the liquid phase obtained is freed of vinyl ester and corresponding acid with a first distillation, and the vinyl ester product is separated from the reaction mixture in a further distillation step.

A carboxylic acid is transvinylated with vinyl ester to give a vinyl ester product and the corresponding acid of the vinyl ester in the presence of a catalyst, at a temperature of 100 C. to 170 C. and a pressure of 2 bar abs. to 15 bar abs., wherein the vinyl ester, the carboxylic acid and the catalyst are supplied to a reactor, the transvinylation reaction is conducted, and, on the completion of the transvinylation, the vinyl ester product is separated from the reaction mixture by distillation, characterized in that the reaction mixture is decompressed in a decompression vessel, the gaseous phase obtained is condensed and recycled into the reactor without further purification, and the liquid phase obtained is freed of vinyl ester and corresponding acid with a first distillation, and the vinyl ester product is separated from the reaction mixture in a further distillation step.

A process for producing an acrylate product, the process comprising the steps of (a) providing a crude product stream comprising the acrylate product and an alkylenating agent; (b) cooling the crude product stream to form a cooled crude product stream having a temperature less than 100 C.; (c) absorbing the cooled stream to form an absorbent stream and an absorbed product stream; and (d) separating at least a portion of the absorbed product stream to form an alkylenating agent stream comprising at least 1 wt % alkylenating agent and an intermediate product stream comprising acrylate product.

A process for producing an acrylate product, the process comprising the steps of (a) providing a crude product stream comprising the acrylate product and an alkylenating agent; (b) cooling the crude product stream to form a cooled crude product stream having a temperature less than 100 C.; (c) absorbing the cooled stream to form an absorbent stream and an absorbed product stream; and (d) separating at least a portion of the absorbed product stream to form an alkylenating agent stream comprising at least 1 wt % alkylenating agent and an intermediate product stream comprising acrylate product.

The present invention relates to a porous catalyst support, consisting of a material comprising a natural sheet silicate, containing ZrO.sub.2 dispersed throughout the material. The present invention also relates to a method for the production of the catalyst support according to the invention and to a shell catalyst containing the catalyst support according to the invention and also the use of the catalyst according to the invention in particular for the production of vinyl acetate monomer (VAM).

The present invention relates to a porous catalyst support, consisting of a material comprising a natural sheet silicate, containing ZrO.sub.2 dispersed throughout the material. The present invention also relates to a method for the production of the catalyst support according to the invention and to a shell catalyst containing the catalyst support according to the invention and also the use of the catalyst according to the invention in particular for the production of vinyl acetate monomer (VAM).