The present invention relates to monoterpenoid and phenylpropanoid containing derivative compounds, methods of making the compounds, compositions comprising the compounds, and methods of repelling pests using the compounds and/or compositions.

The present invention relates to monoterpenoid and phenylpropanoid containing derivative compounds, methods of making the compounds, compositions comprising the compounds, and methods of repelling pests using the compounds and/or compositions.

Disclosed herein is an ophthalmic formulation comprising a compound of formula (I) wherein R.sup.1 is a linear or branched C.sub.9-C.sub.33 alkyl or a linear or branched C.sub.9-C.sub.33 alkenyl with 1 to 4 double bonds; R.sup.2 is a linear or branched C.sub.9-C.sub.19 alkyl or a linear or branched C.sub.9-C.sub.19 alkenyl with 1 to 4 double bonds; and an ophthalmologically acceptable carrier.

Disclosed herein is an ophthalmic formulation comprising a compound of formula (I) wherein R.sup.1 is a linear or branched C.sub.9-C.sub.33 alkyl or a linear or branched C.sub.9-C.sub.33 alkenyl with 1 to 4 double bonds; R.sup.2 is a linear or branched C.sub.9-C.sub.19 alkyl or a linear or branched C.sub.9-C.sub.19 alkenyl with 1 to 4 double bonds; and an ophthalmologically acceptable carrier.

Methods and compositions containing a phorbol ester or a derivative of a phorbol ester are provided for the treatment of cytopathic diseases. Cytopathic diseases may be caused by a variety means such as viral infections like HIV and AIDS in a mammalian subject. The methods and compositions of the invention are effective for inhibiting de novo HIV infection, upregulating viral expression from latent provirus, inhibiting HIV-induced cytopathic effects, down regulating the HIV receptor, increasing ThI cytokine expression, and decreasing Th2 cytokine expression. Additional compositions and methods are provided which employ a phorbol ester or derivative compound in combination with at least one additional agent such as those used in HAART protocols or therapeutic agents used to treat opportunistic infections due to HIV in mammalian subjects.

A method for preparing an estolide compound and an estolide compound prepared thereby are disclosed. The method for preparing an estolide compound includes: converting biomass fat into a fatty acid; separating the fatty acid into a C.sub.16 saturated fatty acid and a C.sub.18 unsaturated fatty acid; preparing a linear internal olefin (LIO); increasing an amount of oleic acid through partial hydrogenation of the C.sub.18 unsaturated fatty acid; synthesizing an estolide polymer through cross metathesis of the oleic acid; capping the C.sub.16 saturated fatty acid onto the estolide polymer; and reacting the estolide polymer with the linear internal olefin.

A method for preparing an estolide compound and an estolide compound prepared thereby are disclosed. The method for preparing an estolide compound includes: converting biomass fat into a fatty acid; separating the fatty acid into a C.sub.16 saturated fatty acid and a C.sub.18 unsaturated fatty acid; preparing a linear internal olefin (LIO); increasing an amount of oleic acid through partial hydrogenation of the C.sub.18 unsaturated fatty acid; synthesizing an estolide polymer through cross metathesis of the oleic acid; capping the C.sub.16 saturated fatty acid onto the estolide polymer; and reacting the estolide polymer with the linear internal olefin.

Methods and compositions containing a phorbol ester or a derivative of a phorbol ester are provided for the treatment of cytopathic diseases. Cytopathic diseases may be caused by a variety means such as viral infections like HIV and AIDS in a mammalian subject. The methods and compositions of the invention are effective for inhibiting de novo HIV infection, upregulating viral expression from latent provirus, inhibiting HIV-induced cytopathic effects, down regulating the HIV receptor, increasing ThI cytokine expression, and decreasing Th2 cytokine expression. Additional compositions and methods are provided which employ a phorbol ester or derivative compound in combination with at least one additional agent such as those used in HAART protocols or therapeutic agents used to treat opportunistic infections due to HIV in mammalian subjects.

The present invention relates to the use of one or more fatty acid esters, particularly 3-methylbutyl dodecanoate, or a mixture of fatty acid esters as insecticide and/or arachnicide and moreover relates to insecticide and/or arachnicide compositions containing same. The invention also relates to a method for controlling insects and/or arachnids.

The present invention relates to the use of one or more fatty acid esters, particularly 3-methylbutyl dodecanoate, or a mixture of fatty acid esters as insecticide and/or arachnicide and moreover relates to insecticide and/or arachnicide compositions containing same. The invention also relates to a method for controlling insects and/or arachnids.