The present invention provides new compounds and compositions thereof that release carbon monoxide for the treatment of medical disorders that are responsive to carbon monoxide, for example, inflammatory, pain, and dermatological disorders.

Processes for producing a disubstituted oxalate are disclosed. The process includes contacting a cesium salt with one or more alcohols and carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) under reaction conditions sufficient to produce a composition comprising a disubstituted oxalate.

Processes for producing a disubstituted oxalate are disclosed. The process includes contacting a cesium salt with one or more alcohols and carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) under reaction conditions sufficient to produce a composition comprising a disubstituted oxalate.

A quaternary ammonium salt of formula (I): wherein X is a linking group; Y is O, NH or NR.sup.1 wherein R.sup.1 is H or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group; Q.sup.+ is a moiety that includes a quaternary ammonium cation; A.sup.− is an anion; R.sup.2 is an optionally substituted alkylene group; R.sup.3 is hydrogen or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group; and n is 0 or a positive integer; provided that n is not 0 when R.sup.3 is hydrogen. ##STR00001##

Electrolytes and electrolyte additives for energy storage devices are disclosed. The energy storage device comprises a first electrode and a second electrode, where one or both of the first electrode and the second electrode is a Si-based electrode, a separator between the first electrode and the second electrode, an electrolyte, and at least one electrolyte additive compound selected from a carbonate, oxalate, trioxidane, peroxide, peroxoate, dioxetanone, oxepane dione, oxetane dione, anhydride, oxalate or 1,4-dioxane-2,3-dione; each of which may be optionally substituted.

Electrolytes and electrolyte additives for energy storage devices are disclosed. The energy storage device comprises a first electrode and a second electrode, where one or both of the first electrode and the second electrode is a Si-based electrode, a separator between the first electrode and the second electrode, an electrolyte, and at least one electrolyte additive compound selected from a carbonate, oxalate, trioxidane, peroxide, peroxoate, dioxetanone, oxepane dione, oxetane dione, anhydride, oxalate or 1,4-dioxane-2,3-dione; each of which may be optionally substituted.

Disclosed are new classes of diphenol compounds, derived from tyrosol or tyrosol analogues, which are useful as monomers for preparation of biocompatible polymers. Also disclosed are biocompatible polymers prepared from these monomeric diphenol compounds, including novel biodegradable and/or bioresorbable polymers of formula

##STR00001## These biocompatible polymers or polymer compositions with enhanced bioresorbabilty and processibility are useful in a variety of medical applications, such as in medical devices and controlled-release therapeutic compositions. The invention also provides methods for preparing these monomeric diphenol compounds and biocompatible polymers.

Disclosed are new classes of diphenol compounds, derived from tyrosol or tyrosol analogues, which are useful as monomers for preparation of biocompatible polymers. Also disclosed are biocompatible polymers prepared from these monomeric diphenol compounds, including novel biodegradable and/or bioresorbable polymers of formula

##STR00001## These biocompatible polymers or polymer compositions with enhanced bioresorbabilty and processibility are useful in a variety of medical applications, such as in medical devices and controlled-release therapeutic compositions. The invention also provides methods for preparing these monomeric diphenol compounds and biocompatible polymers.

An electrolyte solution containing at least one selected from a compound represented by the following formula (1-1) (wherein Rf.sup.111s are the same as or different from each other and are each a C2-C4 fluorinated alkenyl group), a compound represented by the following formula (1-2) (wherein R.sup.121 is a C1-C4 alkyl group; and Rf.sup.121 is a C2-C4 fluorinated alkenyl group), and a compound represented by the following formula (1-3) (wherein Rf.sup.131 is a C1-C3 fluorinated alkyl group; and R.sup.131 is a C6-C12 aryl group):

##STR00001##

An electrolyte solution containing at least one selected from a compound represented by the following formula (1-1) (wherein Rf.sup.111s are the same as or different from each other and are each a C2-C4 fluorinated alkenyl group), a compound represented by the following formula (1-2) (wherein R.sup.121 is a C1-C4 alkyl group; and Rf.sup.121 is a C2-C4 fluorinated alkenyl group), and a compound represented by the following formula (1-3) (wherein Rf.sup.131 is a C1-C3 fluorinated alkyl group; and R.sup.131 is a C6-C12 aryl group):

##STR00001##