The present invention provides new classes of phenol compounds, including those derived from tyrosol and analogues, useful as monomers for preparation of biocompatible polymers, and biocompatible polymers prepared from these monomeric phenol compounds, including novel biodegradable and/or bioresorbable polymers. These biocompatible polymers or polymer compositions with enhanced bioresorbabilty and processability are useful in a variety of medical applications, such as in medical devices and controlled-release therapeutic formulations. The invention also provides methods for preparing these monomeric phenol compounds and biocompatible polymers.

The present invention provides new classes of phenol compounds, including those derived from tyrosol and analogues, useful as monomers for preparation of biocompatible polymers, and biocompatible polymers prepared from these monomeric phenol compounds, including novel biodegradable and/or bioresorbable polymers. These biocompatible polymers or polymer compositions with enhanced bioresorbabilty and processability are useful in a variety of medical applications, such as in medical devices and controlled-release therapeutic formulations. The invention also provides methods for preparing these monomeric phenol compounds and biocompatible polymers.

The present invention provides lymphatic system-directing lipid prodrugs, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, methods of producing such prodrugs and compositions, as well as methods of improving the bioavailability or other properties of a therapeutic agent that comprises part of the lipid prodrug. The present invention also provides methods of treating a disease, disorder, or condition such as those disclosed herein, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a provided lipid prodrug or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.

This invention relates to a method for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into ethyl esters of carboxylic acids. Said method consists of treating the biomass material with an oxidizing agent that is incorporated in an solution comprising one or more acids, one or more alcohols and water, and subsequently performing a catalytic reaction at a higher temperature using the same acidic solution into which a larger volume of alcohol is added, in such a way that the catalytic conversion occurs in a medium with a much higher concentration of alcohol, i.e. with a much higher alcohol-to-water wt ratio. Such a method results in relatively high yields of ethyl esters, such as ethyl esters of formic, acetic, and levulinic acids, while producing a low yield of dialkyl ethers, which are unwanted by-products. The concentration of the oxidizing agent in the pre-treatment step is preferably higher than 6.0 wt %. The oxidizing agent is preferably a Fenton or Fenton-type reagent, and most preferably hydrogen peroxide activated by Fe (II), and/or Ti (IV) ions. The alcohol is preferably ethanol, and when ethanol is used, diethyl ether is formed as the unwanted dialkyl ether by-product. Preferably, the biomass material is pelleted before treatment.

This invention relates to a method for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into ethyl esters of carboxylic acids. Said method consists of treating the biomass material with an oxidizing agent that is incorporated in an solution comprising one or more acids, one or more alcohols and water, and subsequently performing a catalytic reaction at a higher temperature using the same acidic solution into which a larger volume of alcohol is added, in such a way that the catalytic conversion occurs in a medium with a much higher concentration of alcohol, i.e. with a much higher alcohol-to-water wt ratio. Such a method results in relatively high yields of ethyl esters, such as ethyl esters of formic, acetic, and levulinic acids, while producing a low yield of dialkyl ethers, which are unwanted by-products. The concentration of the oxidizing agent in the pre-treatment step is preferably higher than 6.0 wt %. The oxidizing agent is preferably a Fenton or Fenton-type reagent, and most preferably hydrogen peroxide activated by Fe (II), and/or Ti (IV) ions. The alcohol is preferably ethanol, and when ethanol is used, diethyl ether is formed as the unwanted dialkyl ether by-product. Preferably, the biomass material is pelleted before treatment.

A composition comprised of a component selected from the group consisting of a biobased bis-alkyl succinate and a biobased bis-alkyl sebacate, each derived, for example, from the esterification of biobased diacid such as succinic acid or sebacic acid, and a biobased alcohol and a biobased polyester.

A composition comprised of a component selected from the group consisting of a biobased bis-alkyl succinate and a biobased bis-alkyl sebacate, each derived, for example, from the esterification of biobased diacid such as succinic acid or sebacic acid, and a biobased alcohol and a biobased polyester.

The present invention provides a salt of a triazine compound which has an inhibitory action against aldosterone synthase and is useful as a drug, and especially as a drug for preventing or treating primary aldosteronism and the like, a crystal thereof, and a method for producing the same. Specifically, the present invention provides a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of 3-[4-[[trans-4-(acetamino)cyclohexyl]carbamoylmethyl]piperazin-1-yl]-5-(p-tolyl)-1,2,4-triazine, wherein the salt is hydrobromide, sulfate, succinate, or tosilate, and the like.

The present invention is a material for forming an organic film, including: a compound shown by the following general formula (1); and an organic solvent, where in the general formula (1), X represents an organic group with a valency of “n” having 2 to 50 carbon atoms or an oxygen atom, “n” represents an integer of 1 to 10, and R.sub.1 independently represents any of the following general formulae (2), where in the general formulae (2), broken lines represent attachment points to X, and Q.sub.1 represents a monovalent organic group containing a carbonyl group, at least a part of which is a group shown by the following general formulae (3), where in the general formulae (3), broken lines represent attachment points, X.sub.1 represents a single bond or a divalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms optionally having a substituent when the organic group has an aromatic ring, R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a phenyl group, and ** represents an attachment point. An object of the present invention is to provide a material for forming an organic film for forming an organic film having dry etching resistance, and also having high filling and planarizing properties and adhesion to a substrate. ##STR00001##

The present invention is a material for forming an organic film, including: a compound shown by the following general formula (1); and an organic solvent, where in the general formula (1), X represents an organic group with a valency of “n” having 2 to 50 carbon atoms or an oxygen atom, “n” represents an integer of 1 to 10, and R.sub.1 independently represents any of the following general formulae (2), where in the general formulae (2), broken lines represent attachment points to X, and Q.sub.1 represents a monovalent organic group containing a carbonyl group, at least a part of which is a group shown by the following general formulae (3), where in the general formulae (3), broken lines represent attachment points, X.sub.1 represents a single bond or a divalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms optionally having a substituent when the organic group has an aromatic ring, R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a phenyl group, and ** represents an attachment point. An object of the present invention is to provide a material for forming an organic film for forming an organic film having dry etching resistance, and also having high filling and planarizing properties and adhesion to a substrate. ##STR00001##