This invention relates to bio-based polyfunctional carboxylic acids reacted with vinyl ether compounds to form liquid vinyl-blocked bio-based polyfunctional carboxylic acids. These liquid vinyl-blocked bio-based polyfunctional carboxylic acids can be mixed with a polyfunctional vegetable oil-based epoxy resin to form a homogeneous curable coating composition. Upon curing at elevated temperature, thermoset coatings are formed which have excellent hardness, solvent resistance, adhesion, and flexibility. The invention also relates to the use of a curable coating composition comprising at least one polyfunctional vegetable oil-based epoxy resin and at least one vinyl-blocked bio-based polyfunctional carboxylic acid, which may be coated onto a substrate and cured thermally. Methods of making the vinyl-blocked bio-based polyfunctional carboxylic acids and curable coating compositions and substrates containing the same are also disclosed.

Provided herein is an ionic liquid comprising: an anionic portion that comprises: at least one carboxylate group; and at least one ester group and/or at least one amide group; and a cationic portion having formula A: A, where: X represents a cationic species; and a and n are selected to approximately balance the charge of the ionic liquid, wherein the ionic liquid is ashless.

Provided herein is an ionic liquid comprising: an anionic portion that comprises: at least one carboxylate group; and at least one ester group and/or at least one amide group; and a cationic portion having formula A: A, where: X represents a cationic species; and a and n are selected to approximately balance the charge of the ionic liquid, wherein the ionic liquid is ashless.

The present application provides a composition for organ-specific delivery of nucleic acids, which comprises a guided on-target lipid delivery lipid; further, the composition may comprise a helper lipid; still further, the composition may comprise a cationic lipid. The guided on-target lipid delivery lipid may be selected from one or more of an ionizable anionic steroid and/or an ionizable anionic polymer conjugated lipid; the helper lipid is optionally one or more of a phospholipid, a steroid, a polymer conjugated lipid, and a modifiable lipid; and the cationic lipid may be selected from one or more of a permanently cationic lipid and/or an ionizable cationic lipid. The delivery composition is capable of specifically delivering a prophylactic/therapeutic agent, particularly a nucleic acid component, to a target organ.